Budget Definition: An estimate of costs‚ revenues‚ and resources over a specified period‚ reflecting a reading of future financial conditions and goals. One of the most important administrative tools‚ a budget serves also as a (1) plan of action for achieving quantified objectives‚ (2) standard for measuring performance‚ and (3) device for coping with foreseeable adverse situation. What is a budget and why is it important? Simply put‚ a budget is an itemized summary of likely income and expenses
Premium Cost Term Expense
Contingency Theory Management and the Modern Day Corporation Page 4 Burns & Stalker (1961) – Managing Innovative Firms 1. Before the war‚ the industry was heavily involves in contract work with the government. 2. During the 1950s‚ opportunities arose for companies to develop new products for the growing consumer market (radios‚ TV’s‚ etc). 3. Consumer markets meant higher profits and greater Risks. 4. This meant moving into a market that was uncertain‚ competitive‚ extremely risky and required
Premium Environment Natural environment Environmental science
system today‚ Standardized testing. It simply interferes with the learning process. Eliminate Standardized Testing because it places pressure on students‚ impacts instruction time and limits student’s opportunities due to their performance. Furthermore‚ Standardized Testing cultivates a culture of anxiety and it must cease in order to redevelop a love of learning and innovation in society. In order to‚ eliminate Standardize testing‚ it is necessary to create an awareness of the negative effect that
Premium Education Standardized test Psychometrics
(b) Discuss whether any amount of contingency planning would have saved Maya’s business in the aftermath of the crisis. (40 marks) A contingency planning is the creation of plans of how particular crises which might affect a business will be dealt with should they arise. In this case study‚ it can be seen that Maya did not have a contingency planning. She was ill-prepared for such a disaster. A contingency planning could help a business to deal with unforeseen eventualities; it is always good
Premium Problem solving Management Recovery model
for reactive system. 2. Calculate the parameter required for the combustion process. Scenario You have been assigned by the Department of Environment (DOE) to measure SO 2 emission from a small industrial power plant. You have withdrawn and analyzed a gas sample from the boiler stack and obtain the following composition: 75.66% N2‚ 10.24% CO2‚ 8.27% H2O‚ 5.75% O2 and 0.0825% SO2. On the next day‚ you show these figures to the plant superintendent and he insists that the analysis must be incorrect
Premium Combustion Chemical engineering Methane
Contingency theory is a class of behavioral theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation‚ to lead a company‚ or to make decisions. Instead‚ the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. A contingent leader effectively applies their own style of leadership to the right situation. In contingency theory of leadership‚ the success of the leader is a function of various contingencies in the form of subordinate‚ task‚ and/or
Premium Systems theory Cybernetics
DATE : November 9‚ 2012 ATTENTION : MS. AURORA O. ALGODON President/CEO MAHARLIKA TRIBE MONARCH FOUNDATION‚ INC. Carmen‚ Davao City RE : Interim Memorandum of Agreement of Proposed Budget for Radio‚ Newspaper and TV FROM : MR. JOSEPH T. LAGUA Founding Chairman People’s Network and Media Communications ------------------------------------------------- (PNMC) I. COMPANY: Our entity‚ People’s Network and Media Communications (PNMC) is a media organization that
Premium Vice president
Under tough business environment‚ your low cost carrier (LCC) is in financial difficulty. As the CEO of this LCC‚ you however believe that if the airline manages to control the cost‚ your airline can survive. You therefore decide to reduce the operating expanse including the labour cost but you would avoid lay-offs. What cost reduction measures would you implement and why? In airline industry‚ the cost can break to two parts: fixed cost and variable cost. And there is
Premium Airline Low-cost carrier Outsourcing
KEY TO BUDGET DOCUMENTS BUDGET 2013-2014 1. The Budget documents presented to Parliament comprise‚ besides the Finance Minister’s Budget Speech‚ the following: A. Annual Financial Statement (AFS) B. Demands for Grants (DG) C. Appropriation Bill D. Finance Bill E. Memorandum Explaining the Provisions in the Finance Bill‚ 2013 F. Macro-economic framework for the relevant financial year G. Fiscal Policy Strategy Statement for the financial year H. Medium Term Fiscal Policy Statement I. Medium Term Expenditure
Premium Public finance Lok Sabha Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
All of the listed cases demonstrate how difficult it is to violate an established social structure‚ even when following the social structure violates personal morals. Milgram’s findings‚ as read in the article “If Hitler Asked You to Electrocute a Stranger‚ Would You?”‚ apply to the first case of a manager and her fiancé ordering a teenage girl to strip and her following their commands. Milgram’s data suggested that humans are obedient even to the extent of blindly following authority. His findings
Premium