for rotation around an axis. There is a pivot joint near the top of your spine that allows your head to move from side to side. Hinge joints. This type of joint can open and close like a door. Your elbow is a hinge joint. Your biceps and triceps muscles are basically two people standing on opposite sides of a wall (the humerus‚ or upper-arm bone)‚ each with one hand reaching over to its respective side of a door (the bones of the lower arm). The biceps "shuts" the door‚ by contracting and lessening
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The action of ANS-related drugs on smooth muscle Introduction In the following experiment‚ the key objective is to compare the mechanical changes in tonic force by longitudinal smooth muscle after the addition of different concentrations of the drugs noradrenaline and acetylcholine. Peristalsis is the wave of muscle contractions that allow circular muscles to constrict the gut and longitudinal muscles to shorten it in an attempt to move the food bolus towards the rectum. A series of dilutions
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"The Politics of Muscle" by Gloria Steinem is an essay arguing the difference in strength between men and women. Steinem starts her essay by stating how she grew up in a generation where women didn’t participate in a lot‚ if any‚ sport activities. She goes on to say that she believes this is the reason why women of her generation believe that it’s not what the female body does‚ but how it looks. Steinem feels that women always seemed to be owned in some degree as the means of reproduction. She believes
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the computer is measuring the time between the application of the stimulus and the last point where the active force is zero (just prior to contraction). How long is the latent period? _2.78_ msec What occurs in the muscle during this apparent lack of activity? The muscle is reacting internally and getting the signals to contract. Investigating Graded Muscle Response to Increased Stimulus Intensity 1. Click Clear Tracings if there are tracings on your screen. 2. Set the voltage to 0.0‚ and click
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of the bullfrog that was removed at the hip joint through careful dissection of the muscle away from the tibo-fibula bone while leaving the it attached to the knee and heel. The muscle was consistently moistened by Ringer’s solution throughout the entire experiment. The Achilles tendon was removed at the heel of the frog. The tibiofibular bone was cut below the knee and the femur below the knee (Frog Skeletal Muscle Experiement). The baseline value of the force transducer was set to zero. This zeroing
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Activity of Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle: Worksheet Please Ensure That You Have Completed The Calculations In Tables 1-3 Before You Answer The Worksheet Questions Table 1. The effects of phentolamine and atropine on the contractile response to nerve stimulation (20 Hz) in the isolated rabbit ileum | |Contraction amplitude |Contraction amplitude with the |Effect of nerve stimulation on the contraction amplitude | | |pre-nerve
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of spontaneous contractions and the response to stimulating the nerves at 20 Hz with both a voltage that produced only a modest response and the voltage that produced the maximal response. 1) Briefly describe the response of the ileum when it is unstimulated and during stimulation of the nerves. It is shown that the rabbit ileum has a constant rate of contractions and relaxations‚ when it is not stimulated. However there is a significant drop in the amplitude of the contractions‚ when the ileum
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Muscle and joint actions both affect the performance of a discus-athlete. Various types of joint actions and muscular actions can take place once when the movement is executed by the athlete. As an example‚ a discus-thrower usually activates the horizontal abduction and the horizontal adduction during the preparation or execution phases of his/her throw. The ground contact of the discus-thrower is very important as it keeps the thrower’s center of gravity station within his/her strongest point of
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HOW MUSCLES GET THE ENERGY THEY NEED TO WORK 1) Muscle needs energy to contract and as stated previously the ‘universal energy currency’ of living systems is ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This is largely produced within mitochondria‚ organelles which are often referred to as the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell. The ATP that results is used to provide the power for the muscle fibres to contract. Contraction itself (i.e. actual shortening movement) occurs when a bond is broken between ATP and one of its
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What is the heart? The heart is the organ that supplies blood and oxygen to all parts of the body. It is about the size of a clenched fist‚ weighs about 10.5 ounces and is shaped like a cone. The heart is located in the chest cavity just posterior to the breastbone‚ between the lungs and superior to the diaphragm. The heart is surrounded by a fluid filled sac called the pericardium. Blood is pumped away from the heart through arteries and returns to the heart through veins. The major artery of the
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