without prior permission from the Society 155 Legal and Criminological Psychology (2006)‚ 11‚ 155–177 q 2006 The British Psychological Society The British Psychological Society www.bpsjournals.co.uk Invited article A fundamental attribution error? Rethinking cognitive distortions† Shadd Maruna1* and Ruth E. Mann2 1 2 Queen’s University Belfast‚ Northern Ireland‚ UK HM Prison Service‚ London‚ UK The notion of ‘cognitive distortion’ has become enshrined in the offender treatment
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Evaluate any one theory of attribution. How well does this theory explain how humans assign cause to behaviour? Attribution theory analyses how causes of behavior are evaluated; including own and others behaviors. The theory of attribution was introduced in a book called “The psychology of interpersonal relations” by Heider (1958)‚ and soon after investigated by various others. Weiner (1974) proposed a theory of achievement motivation. This essay will therefore evaluate how well Weiner’s (1974)
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Attribution Theory (Wiener’s Belief Systems) * Attribution theory assumes that people try to determine why people do what they do‚ that is‚ interpret causes to an event or behavior. (Att. Theory basically looks at how people make sense of their world; what cause and effect inferences they make about the behaviors of others and of themselves.) * Attribution theory is concerned with how and why ordinary people explain events as they do. (Theories of attribution claim we aim to attribute behavior
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Discuss two errors in attributions Attribution bias is the illogical reasoning behind people’s decisions about one’s own and others’ behaviour by giving objective views on situations‚ it is essentially faults in a process of elucidation and can lead to errors in interpretation of our own and other’s behaviour because: a) People are ‘cognitive misers’ – we do not examine all the evidence provided or we take mental shortcuts (linking to social cognition) to reach a conclusion‚ leading to wrong
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Academy of Management Review 2012‚ Vol. 37‚ No. 2‚ 300–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2010.0522 UNDERSTANDING ATTRIBUTIONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL IRRESPONSIBILITY DONALD LANGE Arizona State University NATHAN T. WASHBURN Thunderbird School of Global Management Notwithstanding the significance to organizations of external reactions to bad behavior‚ the corporate social responsibility literature tends to focus on the meaning of and expectations for responsible behavior‚ rather than on the meaning
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Social Perception * Intro * We form impression spontaneously because people are unpredictable * People are active- you want to know why someone did that * When you interact with someone you are affecting their behavior * What information do you use when forming an impression of a person? * We use demographic (age‚ ethnicity‚ etc.) * We use these quite often because they are obvious * You get a third person input * Continuum Model
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Attribution Theory of Leadership Attribution theory was a psychological theory first proposed by Fritz Heider in 1958 and extended by Harold Kelley in 1967. Terence R. Mitchell first introduced attribution theory as a leadership theory in 1979(Martinko‚ 1995). This theory says that we observe the behavior of others and then attribute cause on it. It can be used in two sides of the leadership area. First‚ it can be used in attribute leadership qualities. Which is that followers’ judgment
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Attribution biases are biases that affect the way we determine who and what is responsible for an event or action. It links closely to social cognition‚ for example‚ the role of mind in our social behavior‚ how our thoughts are influenced by social situations‚ and how our thoughts influence social behavior. Attribution biases are based on situational and dispositional factors. Situational factors are something to so with personal factors‚ and dispositional factors are something to do with external
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The two attributions theories I have chosen for this paper are Heider’s “Naive Psychology Theory” And Kelley’s “Covariation Model.” The vignette I chosen is number two‚ James‚ 35-year-old African-American male. Heider’s Attribution Theory: The Naive Psychology of Traits. Heider founded the study of how ordinary people think about each other. In 1958 Heider contributed to two central ideas in which the idea of studying how regular people make sense of each other. The first study is how people
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What is an Employer Association? Give an example‚ other than the AMMA. An employer association is a body that is established by a number of employers to look after common business affairs. Their role is to provide services to member employers in the areas of trade and commerce‚ and with employment relations matters and political lobbying (Loudon et al 2009). Loudon et al (2009‚ p. 56) also details that employer associations can “act as a foil for the collective power of unions”‚ for example‚
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