PM Page 97 4 Data Collection Methods ❖ ❖ ❖ Q ualitative researchers typically rely on four methods for gathering information: (a) participating in the setting‚ (b) observing directly‚ (c) interviewing in depth‚ and (d) analyzing documents and material culture. These form the core of their inquiry—the staples of the diet. Several secondary and specialized methods of data collection supplement them. This chapter provides a brief discussion of the primary and the secondary methods to be considered
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attaining their key operational goals. Employees‚ who know what and how much is expected of them‚ are likely to be more effective than those who are unclear about their role. It is in the light of this that organizations these days are becoming more concerned about effective performance appraisal. Performance appraisal even though‚ dates back to the Second World War‚ the challenges of appraisal system are numerous and varied. This research is focused on the challenges associated with the implementation
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The criteria for the M.A. thesis in the M.A. Counseling Psychology program is stated on page 20 as follows: Within the context of the Institute’s guiding vision‚ students are encouraged to select a particular topic that they wish to explore in depth. Towards this end‚ the student is asked: 1. To pursue an area of individual interest relevant to the issues of counseling psychology (e.g.‚ therapeutic issues‚ psychological motifs‚ clinical procedures). 2. To ground this
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1. What operating systems are running on the different hosts This is done by running this command on command prompt # nmap -sS -O “host IP address #nmap-os-db 2. What web server (if any) is running on each computer? Answer: 3. List several services running on each computer? 4. Which host had the highest number of vulnerabilites? The least number of vulnerabilities? 5. Identify one high severity vulnerability for each computer (if there is one). Describe the vulnerability
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matching the population. A random sample is then taken from within one or more selected clusters. For example‚ if an organization has 30 small projects currently under development‚ an auditor looking for compliance to the coding standard might use cluster sampling to randomly select 4 of those projects as representatives for the audit and then randomly sample code modules for auditing from just those 4 projects. Cluster sampling can tell us a lot about that particular cluster‚ but unless the clusters
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Methodology‚ in its simplest form‚ refers to how the research should be undertaken (Saunders et al. 2009). In a practical way‚ it is a function of research question(s)‚ study approach‚ scale of the study‚ type of data‚ sample size and participants‚ data analyses techniques and study limitations (Johnson and Waterfield‚ 2004). Accordingly‚ this chapter is divided into nine sections. Section 3.1 explains the reasons for the choice of case study approach; section 3.2 describes the sampling strategy
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Research is one of the most important aspects of education. Not only does it help teachers gain funding‚ but also it helps teachers help students. Research involves six steps‚ where a researcher identify a research problem‚ review the literature‚ specifies a purpose‚ develops research questions‚ collects data‚ and analyzes and interprets data. These steps are critical for researchers. Not only is it important to follow the steps of research‚ but it is allow important to know which research to choose
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NOTES BASED ON RESEARCH METHODOLOGY BY WELMAN‚ KRUGER AND MITCHELL‚ 3RD EDITION. THE AIMS OF RESEARCH Research is a process that involves obtaining scientific knowledge by means of various objective methods and procedures. The term objective indicates that these methods and procedures do not rely on personal feelings or opinions and that the specific methods are used at each stage of the research process. These methods include procedures for drawing samples (e.g. simple random sampling)‚ measuring
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Overview of Research Methods * Quantitative Research: translates the social world into numbers which can be studied mathematically * Qualitative Research: Uses non-numerical data like texts‚ interviews‚ photos and recordings to help understand social life The Scientific Approach * The Scientific Method—a procedure for acquiring knowledge that emphasizes collecting data through observation and experiment. * Most sociologists believe that they should not allow their personal beliefs
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Khan‚ Hafiz and Raeside (1)‚ suggest some method for data collection‚ basing on the situation‚ warning from possible threats to the validity and reliability of data collected. Whatever the method of data collection chosen (observations‚ experimentation‚ survey‚ interviews‚ diary method‚ case study‚ data storage‚ triangulation)‚ there are several hypothesis that need to be considered since the beginning (1); the challenges born from the nature of the research and level of detail the researcher want
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