Understanding the OSI Model November 26‚ 2012 Understanding the OSI Model The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model is a reference tool for understanding data communications between any two networked systems (Simoneau‚ 2012). The OSI Model dissects the communication process down to seven layers‚ where each layer performs specific functions. It helps break a network down to controllable pieces; without this OSI Model networks would be difficult to comprehend. The OSI Models’ seven-layers
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4 OSI Transport Layer 4.1 Roles of transport Layer 4.1.1 Purpose The Transport layer provides for the segmentation of data and the control necessary to reassemble these pieces into the various communication streams. Its primary responsibilities to accomplish this are: Tracking the individual communication between applications on the source and destination hosts Segmenting data and managing each piece Reassembling the segments into streams of application data Identifying the different applications
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A Glance at the Session Layer of the OSI Model Throughout the history of networking‚ one model has stood the test of time for providing not only insight‚ but also a foundation by which all networking systems utilize in some form or fashion. The seven layers of the OSI model‚ which stands for Open System Interconnect‚ are: Application‚ Presentation‚ Session‚ Transport‚ Network‚ Data link‚ and Physical. These layers are the framework for networking‚ because they represent the roadmap‚ rules‚ and
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a computer on the Internet is commonly referred to as the IP Address (Internet Protocol). It ’s a 32 bit (4 bytes) number normally written as follows: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Since a byte can represent any number from zero to 255‚ the least and the maximum IP address possible are: 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 Understanding IP Addresses Understanding IP Addressing is necessary‚ since all applications on the Internet generate logs‚ wherein IP Addresses of all interacting computers are recorded. The logs
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OSI Model Joshua M. Grooms The Open Systems Interconnection model‚ or the OSI model‚ is a way to sub-divide a communications system into smaller‚ more manageable parts known as layers. A layer is a grouping of functions that have similar purpose that either provide services to the layer above it or receives services from the layer below it. On which layer of the OSI model do WAN protocols operate? WANs are managed by the protocols that exist in level 2‚ the Data Link Layer‚ of the OSI
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What are the main theoretical and political differences between first’ and second’ wave feminism Feminism is both an intellectual commitment and a political movement that seeks justice for women and the end of sexism in all forms. However‚ there are many different kinds of feminism. So some have found it useful to think of the women’s movement in the US as occurring in "waves" . On the wave model‚ the struggle to achieve basic political rights during the period from the mid-19th century until the
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Explain the main differences between absolute and relative morality (25 marks). Absolute morality is morality with fixed rules. An absolutist argues that moral actions are right or wrong in themselves – regardless of circumstances‚ cultures or intention. They believe in ethical absolutes – rigid moral rules true for all time in all places and situations; they are facts – morality is objective. Most absolutists follow a set of rules that they view as universal truth – a religious person may see their
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What Are The Main Cause Of Problem Between Friends? it usually a problem with communication and a lack of willingness for compromise for example theres a he said she said issue involving u and lets say a friends girlfriend usually someone jumps the gun and loses there temper immediately instead of talking to you about it so then drama ensues and feelings are hurt another example you and a friend get into a bad argument about something like borrowing something you both paid for instead of trying
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TCP Congestion Control Taoufik#1‚ Kamrul#2‚ Rifat#3 #EECS Department North South University 1taoufikul_islam@yahoo.com 2khshouharda@yahoo.com 3adnan_fazal18@yahoo.com Abstract Considerable interest has arisen in congestion control through traffic engineering. The goal of congestion control is to avoid congestion in network elements. A network element is congested if it is being offered more traffic than it can process. To detect such situations and to neutralize them we should monitor traffic
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publishing industry and mass media technology and for the magnitude of higher education. The main differences between British English and American English are pronunciation‚ spelling and lexicon. However‚ syntax is not a big difference. Now we are going to have a glimpse at each‚ illustrating them with some examples. Referring to pronunciation we can settle some basic parameters to see the difference between dialects. First we have the merger of [I] and [å] before nasal consonants‚ makes pin and pen
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