Table of contents Title Page Acknowledgements Aims of the Project Description of the business simulated List of transactions Books of Original Entry: * The General Journal * Purchases Journal * Sales Journal * Returns Outwards Journal * Returns Inwards Journal * Cash Book * Petty Cash Book The ledgers: * Purchases Ledger * Sales Ledger * General Ledger Trial Balance Trading and Profit and Loss Account Balance Sheet Interpretation of Results:
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Corporate restructuring and the LBO CHAPTER 3: CONTRACTIONS Contraction is the reduction in the size of the private company or business due to corporate restructuring. 3.1 Spin-Offs—A spin-off transaction is when a parent company separates the shares of its subsidiary from the original private company shares and distributes those shares‚ on a pro-rata basis to its shareholders. In essence‚ two separate entities are formed in which the stockholders are issued the shares in the legal
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Transaction Cost Analysis as Framework According to TCA‚ a transaction is the transfer of goods or a service and the analysis of transactions emphasizes on achieving efficiency in their administration (Rindfleisch & Heide 1997). Firm is a particular form of organization for administering transactions between one party and another and is characterized as a managerial hierarchy. In contrast‚ market governance is characterized as transaction taking place without managerial oversight. Firms exist
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Classification of Contracts (7 – 1.30) Simple and formal contracts A formal contract is a written contract (such as a deed). A simple contract can be entirely orally or a combination of oral and written. Bilateral Contract: exchange of promise – one promise for another (a promisee’s promise in return for the promisor’s promise or vice versa) o Union Dominions Trust (Commercial) Ltd v Eagle Aircraft Services Ltd [1968] 1 All ER 104 at 108‚ Lord Diplock Unilateral Contract: A one way
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CONTRACTS Stages in the life of a contract: 1. Preparation/Generation 2. Perfection/Birth 3. Consummation/Death Characteristics of Contracts: (ROMA) 1. Relativity (Art. 1311) 2. Obligatoriness & Consensuality (Art. 1315) 3. Mutuality (Art. 1308) 4. Autonomy (Art. 1306) Stipulation pour Autrui - stipulation in favor of a 3rd party. Requisites: 1. The stipulation must be part‚ not whole of the contract; 2. the contracting parties must have clearly and deliberately conferred
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What is Contract Farming ? Contract farming arrangements of different types have existed in various parts of the country for centuries for both subsistence and commercial crops. The commercial crops like sugarcane‚ cotton‚ tea‚ coffee etc. Have always involved some forms of contract farming. Even in the case of some fruit crops and fisheries‚ contract farming arrangements‚ involving mainly the forward trading of commodities have been observed. However‚ in the wake of economic
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debts‚ thus no need to estimate any bad debt expense. Business to business transactions are mostly done with a promise to pay for goods and services provided at a later date. When a company sells its products or provides its services to other businesses or even individuals‚ it expects payment for the products or services. In most cases‚ these payments are not done immediately. The company then expects payment at some future date. This promise to pay becomes a receivable to the company providing
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Contract Law Notes Contracts ‘A’ Offer Bilateral contracts Unilateral contracts Offers to the public at large What is an offer? Mere puff Supply of information Invitation to treat Categorizing transactions Advertisements a) Advertisements in a catalogue or a curricular b) Advertisements in newspapers or magazines c) Advertisements appearing on the internet d) Display of goods Auctions a) Advertisement of auction b) Auctions with reserves c) Auctions without a reserve Tendering
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research involving animals take place? Research involving animals takes place in a wide array of institutions‚ expanding from colleges and universities to pharmaceutical facilities for the purpose of research and development [1]. These institutions provide novel approaches (methodology) and therapeutic pharmaceuticals derived from the research on animals. In the end‚ understanding the underlying pathology of animals paves way for the advancement of medicine in both humans and animals. 2. What type of
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CONTRACT LAW- EXAM NOTES What is a contract? An oral or written agreement between two or more parties which is enforceable by law. This agreement ‘will be legally binding if certain criteria are met – briefly‚ they require that there be an agreement (comprising an offer and acceptance)‚ consideration‚ intention to create legal relations‚ compliance with any formalities required by law and that the parties have the legal capacity to contract’1 What is the purpose of contract law
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