essay I will be critically reviewing Heywood‚ Andrew. 2002. What is a nation? In Politics. London: Macmillan: 106-11. I am arguing that Heywoods views the nation as a psycho political construct. He argues that the nation is made up of subjective and objective factors. While he acknowledges the objective factors which are cultural characteristics he states that “ultimately‚ nations can only be defined subjectively by its members.” Heywood (2002‚ 106) Heywood identifies that the term “Nation” is made
Free Nation Nationalism Ethnic group
Article Review The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ARTICLE SYNOPSIS In response to the Enron and WorldCom scandals‚ the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was enacted in July 30‚ 2002. This provides a comprehensive power that modifies the compliance of how companies would need to report their financials to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The law’s purpose is to solve precise mechanism failures in accounting approaches and requires greater levels of fiduciary responsibilities especially for those
Premium Corporate governance Enron Sarbanes–Oxley Act
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act‚ Pub.L. 107-204‚ July 30‚ 2002‚ 116 Stat. 745‚ July 30‚ 2002) was enacted by Congress in the wake of corporate and accounting scandals that led to bankruptcies‚ severe stock losses‚ and a loss of confidence in the Stock Market. The act imposes new responsibilities on corporate management and criminal sanctions on those managers who flout the law. It makes Securities fraud a serious federal crime and also
Premium Corporate governance Enron Internal control
high level executives‚ the imposition of very small fines and no prison time for devastating frauds‚ and a lack of independence of external auditors and the board of directors. With this in mind‚ I believe five advantages of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to be: 1. That it holds CEO’s accountable for internal controls so that they cannot claim that they did not know or understand what was happening in their company and place the responsibility for fraud on lower level staff (Section 302 and 404). 2
Premium Corporate governance Sarbanes–Oxley Act Internal control
corporations such as Enron‚ WorldCom‚ and Hollinger International‚ lawmakers sought to provide regulations that provide oversight on the way corporations report financial data and to ensure that stockholders were protected. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was put in place to combat deceit‚ improve the consistency of financial reporting‚ and reestablish the confidence of investors (Wagner & Dittmar‚ 2006). One of the declaring regulation within this major law is that the management of a company is
Premium Ethics Enron Morality
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 established a new five-person board to oversee financial accounting in publicly traded corporations. The board is appointed by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Prior to the creation of this board the industry relied primarily on self-regulation through the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Do you think the establishment of the new oversight board was a good idea or should the profession have continued to be self-regulated? In 2002 there was a new act
Premium Corporate governance Internal control Auditing
Table of Contents Abstract Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in response to financial scandals perpetrated by Enron and WorldCom‚ and it has had a strong impact on corporate accounting and financial decision-making. This law was intended to enhance financial transparency for publicly-traded companies. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act established new regulations and penalties for public companies to protect investors. In addition
Premium Corporate governance Enron Sarbanes–Oxley Act
Student’s Name | __________________ | Professor’s Name | __________________ | Course Title | __________________ | Date | __________________ | SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002(SOX) Introduction to SOX: Financial Analysis involves evaluation of business‚ budgets‚ projects etc to ensure stability‚ liquidity‚ and solvency and at last profitability of the business in presence of domestic and global macro-economic environment to determine suitability of investment. This evaluation is not completely
Premium Business Management Finance
Why did William win the Battle of Hastings? The 14th October 1066 was to be a date that changed the course of British history. On that Saturday morning the Battle of Hastings was launched with an intensive bombardment of arrows fired from Norman archers towards the ranks of Harold’s army. William the Duke of Normandy and leader of the Norman troops advanced his army closer to the English line which was led by King Harold Godwinson. The previous English king Edward the Confessor had died without
Premium
BP and Consolidation of the Oil Industry‚ 1998-2002 Executive Summary BP should sell its business and start a new business‚ a clean energy production‚ because it would lose profits from oil supply. Oil industry had not developed in perfect competition; oil price was easily controlled since oil industry was oligopoly‚ many consumers exist and the government protected oil industry from competition. However‚ oil industry is facing perfect competition; oligopoly formation of oil industry
Premium Peak oil Oil reserves