Estimated liabilities are a known obligation that is of an uncertain amount but that can be reasonable estimated. Common examples are employee benefits such as pensions‚ heath care and vacation pay‚ and warranties offered by a seller (Fundamental Accounting Principles‚ Chapter 11‚ Pg 437). When a firm sells products or renders services with a warranty‚ the firms has an obligation towards the customer when the warranty is honored. The warranty liability is an estimate of the obligations. Hence‚ a
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the country will lead to developingof biomethanation processes for the use of substrates other than cattle dung. At present‚most of them are treated as waste‚ garbage‚ nuisance and hazard. The improper or inadequate disposal of such wastes leads to unhealthy conditions. This becomes a sourceof pollution and a public health problem. If such waste is recycled in a biogas plant‚ itwill be a source of energy‚ health and wealth. 2)Alternative substrates for biomethanation When alternative substrates
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LIABILITIES OF THE DIRECTORS By: Course: Instructor: University‚ City‚ State: Date: LIABILITIES OF THE DIRECTORS A company is usually established by individuals or Directors (officers included) in this case so as to run it in appropriate manner in order to make maximum profits. For this to happen‚ it is for the company (Pandora Diamonds and Gems Pty Ltd in our case) to enter or make contracts with outsiders like Kaplan Bank Ltd and Space Solutions Pty
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important to ensure that the auditing profession meets its responsibilities to its clients. While working for a company to audit their financial information‚ they are also at the same time working for the public and regulators who rely on externals auditors to prove credibility to the financial information that companies release (Cooper‚ Coram‚ Richardson‚ & Leung‚ 2009). To assist in quality assurance‚ the profession‚ and government have developed multilevel framework which is designed to regulate
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differences between management accounting and financial accounting include:[1] 1. Management accounting provides information to people within an organization while financial accounting is mainly for those outside it‚ such as shareholders 2. Financial accounting is required by law while management accounting is not. Specific standards and formats may be required for statutory accounts such as in the I.A.S International Accounting Standard within Europe. 3. Financial accounting covers the entire
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Fraud Cases: Violations of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) Section 1 In July 2002 the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed by the U.S. Senate by a vote of 98 to 0. The bipartisan support for the legislation emanated directly from the investing public’s lack of tolerance for financial statement fraud. Not surprisingly‚ when formulating its post-Sarbanes technical audit guidance‚ the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) made it clear that detecting fraud must be the focus
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CHAPTER 4 CHANGES FACING MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANTS IN POSTMODERN TIMES 4.1 INTRODUCTION In seeking answers to typical questions associated with morphogenic change (see paragraph 3.2)‚ it becomes apparent that business‚ and consequently management accountants‚ have been faced by a confluence of forces of change during the past decade. Chapter 3 defined change‚ and more particularly the concept of morphogenic change. The three major drivers of change were discussed in paragraph 3.3‚ namely computer
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The primary role of management accounting is to information in a timely manner to the company’s provide relevant management to help them plan and control the activities of the organization and with which optimal and sound decisions can be made. All the topic areas examined relate to this primary role. Although this role and its related topics covered are clearly understood by most‚ if not all candidates or even managers in the organizations‚ different types of relevant information are needed for
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The European Court of Auditors Introduction The European Court of Auditors is the fifth institution of the European Union (EU). It was established in 1975 in Luxembourg to audit the accounts of EU institutions. This report will cover 3 aspects which are history‚ organization and president. Then it will give some criticism about the declaration of assurance and the size of the court. History The Court of Auditors was created by the 1975 Budgetary Treaty and was formerly established on 1977-10-18
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Factors Influencing Auditor Switch: Evidence from A Shares Companies Listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China BY Deng Zhirui 0930600019 BBA-Accounting Li Lujun 0930600064 BBA-Accounting A Business Project Submitted to the Division of Business and Management in Partial Fulfillment of the Graduation Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (Honours) Beijing Normal University – Hong Kong Baptist University United International
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