Experiment 4 SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY ACID-BASE TITRATIONS Determination of the Percent Acetic Acid in Vinegar Objectives: (1) To introduce and use the concept of solution stoichiometry (2) To specifically use solution stoichiometry to determine the percent of acetic acid in vinegar. (3) To prepare a standard solution by the method of titration. Consider the following balanced chemical equations: (1) HCl + NaOH ------> NaCl + HOH (2) H2SO4
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Vitamins In the early 20th century the discovery of vitamins began. Today there is a chance that there are some vitamins that are still undiscovered. The definition of vitamin is: one of several substances necessary for animal nutrition‚ and occurring in minute quantities in natural foods; numerous types have been distinguished‚ and designated by the letters of the alphabet. Each and every living animal needs vitamins to grow and be healthy. Since the human body can t produce
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abnormally low body weight is often masked by water retention‚ which makes the face moon-shaped and the belly swollen. Deficiency diseases are usually associated with lack of vitamins or minerals. The effects of a vitamin or mineral deficiency on the body depend on the function of the particular nutrient lacking. For example‚ vitamin A is
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OXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS REDOX TITRATION • involves oxidizing agents and reducing agents titrants and analytes • oxidizing agents used as standard solutions: potassium permanganate‚ KMnO4 potassium dichromate‚ K2Cr2O7 iodine‚ I2 ceric sulfate‚ Ce(SO4) 2 potassium iodate‚ KIO3 REDOX TITRATION • reducing agents used as standard solutions: ferrous sulfate‚ FeSO4 oxalic acid‚ H2C2O4 sodium oxalate‚ Na2C2O4 sodium thiosulfate‚ Na2S2O3 titanous chloride
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INTRODUCTION Differences between acids and bases An acid-base reaction is based on the reaction involving the ionization of water H2O -> H+ + OH- This means that water can break apart into a hydrogen ion and a hydroxide ion. These two ions can also join together to form a water molecule. When a strong acid is placed in water‚ it will ionize completely‚ and break down into its constituent ions in which one of it a hydrogen ion. When a strong base is placed in water‚ it will ionize
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decolourised. 5. The volume of the ascorbic acid used to decolourised the DCPIPsolution was recorded. 6. Step 2 to 5 was repeated twice to obtain the average volume of thr ascorbic acid solution used. Part B: Determination of the concentration of vitamin C in pineapple juice 1. A 1.00cm3 syringe was used to transfer 1.00cm3of DCPIP solution into a small test tube. 2. A 5.00cm3 of syringe was filled up with 5.00cm3 of pineapple juice. 3. The needle of the 5.00cm3 was placed at the bottom
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Date ___________________ NEUTRALIZATION TITRATIONS INTRODUCTION The neutralization of hydronium or hydroxide ion to form water is widely used as the basis for volumetric determinations of acids‚ bases and salts of weak acids. The reaction is characterized by a rapid change in pH near the equivalence point‚ a change that is readily detected by an acid-base indicator or that can be followed electrically by use of a pH meter. Neutralization titrations are performed with standard solutions of
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Vitamins Vitamin is defined as any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism‚ found in minute amounts in natural foodstuffs or sometimes produced synthetically (Dictionary.com‚ 2012). We need vitamins and minerals for our bodies to function properly. By eating a variety of foods‚ we can often supply our bodies with the necessary vitamins it needs‚ but in some cases it is necessary to take a vitamin supplement as well. By eating a good diet in conjunction
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Name: Susan Sooklal Partner’s Name: Adana Taylor & malia Taylor Date: 26.02.2013 Title: titration method AIM 1. To titrate sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid Apparatus: * Burette (50cm3) * Pipette (10cm3) * Three (3) Conical Flasks (250cm3) * Two (2) Beakers (250cm3) * Funnel * Wash Bottle * Retort Stand * Boss and Clamp * Pipette filler Material: * 0.08 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid * 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium
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__________________ SMALL-SCALE EXPERIMENT VITAMIN C IN TABLETS 38 Small-Scale Experiment for text Section 23.3 OBJECTIVES • Determine the vitamin C content of vitamin C tablets by iodometric titration. • Observe the oxidation of vitamin C in aqueous solution. INTRODUCTION Vitamins regulate biochemical reactions that take place within living cells. The human body requires vitamins only in tiny amounts. For a compound to be classified as a vitamin‚ its absence in the diet must cause a
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