Guan‚ Ming-Ta Yang‚ Jhy-Cherng Gu‚ Hsin-Hung Chang‚ and Chin-Lung Huang Abstract—Voltage flicker problems have long existed in several of the distribution areas served by the Taiwan Power Company. In the past‚ those research results indicating that the estimated ΔV10 value based on the conventional method is significantly smaller than the survey value. This paper is used to study the relationship between the voltage flicker problems and harmonic power variation for the power system with electric
Premium Electrical engineering Transformer Electricity generation
Introduction A transformer is a static machines. The word „transformer‟ comes form the word „transform‟. Transformer is not an energy conversion device‚ but is a device that changes AC electrical power at one voltage level into AC electrical power at another voltage level through the action of magnetic field‚ without a change in frequency. It can be either to step-up or step down. Transmission System TX1 TX1 Generation Station 33/13.5kV 13.5/6.6kV Distributions TX1 TX1
Premium Transformer
1. Introduction Automatic Street Light Control System is a simple and powerful concept‚ which uses transistor as a switch to switch ON and OFF the street light automatically. By using this system manual works are removed. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights under illumination by sunlight. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which senses the
Premium Bipolar junction transistor
done around 11.20 AM and the voltage generated by the single LED is around 0.08-0.3V.It is found from the Table 5 that the maximum voltage of 2.320V is recorded which is lower compared to when the PCB is exposed directly to the Sun. Figure 9 Designed PCB of LED Array The reason is that exposure to light will be less as the PCB is vertical with respect to the ground. Table 5 Voltage recorded with the designed PCB consisting of LED array Experimental Condition Voltage Generated (Volts) Direct exposure
Premium Light Electromagnetic radiation Optics
• Bi‐Positional Switch • Voltage Port – where a capacitor is connected in parallel to Vin so that it cannot change instantaneously • Current Port – where an inductor is connected in series through which current cannot change instantaneously 4 Control by Pulse‐Width Modulation (PWM) qA + 1 idA d A Ts + iA 0 Tup Ts vA 0 Vin dA t Vin - vA - qA 1or 0 vA t • The power‐pole chops the input voltage into high‐frequency voltage pulses • Output is synthesized as the switching‐cycle‐average of these pulses
Premium Transistor
CURRENT PROTECTION FUNCTIONS ANSI 50/51 – Phase over-current ANSI 50N/51N or 50G/51G – Earth fault or sensitive earth fault ANSI 50BF – Breaker failure ANSI 46 -Negative sequence / unbalance ANSI 49RMS – Thermal overload CURRENT PROTECTION FUNCTIONS ANSI 50/51 – PHASE OVERCURRENT Three-phase protection against overloads and phase-to-phase short-circuits. ANSI 50N/51N OR 50G/51G – EARTH FAULT Earth fault protection based on measured or calculated residual current values: ANSI 50N/51N:
Premium Circuit breaker Electric motor Earth
and principles have changed little over the last one hundred years‚ yet transformer designs and materials continue to be improved. Transformers are essential in high voltage power transmission providing an economical means of transmitting power over large distances. The simplicity‚ reliability‚ and economy of conversion of voltages by transformers was the principal factor in the selection of alternating current power transmission in the "War of Currents" in the late 1880’s. In electronic circuitry
Premium Transformer
| | | Voltage gain | | | | | Overall voltage gain | | | | | Output resistance | | | | summary | Very high input resistanceModerately high voltage gainRelatively high output resistance | Input resistance is relatively low.Large voltage gainOutput resistance is relatively high.Inverting amplifierLarge current gainFrequency response is rather poor. | CG/CB | Circuit | | | | Equivalent circuit | | | | characteristics | Input resistance | | | | | Voltage gain | |
Premium Gain MOSFET Transistor
energy-efficient lighting‚ led to a complete change of electric loads nature. These loads are simultaneously the major causers and the major victims of power quality problems. Due to their non-linearity‚ all these loads cause disturbances in the voltage waveform. Along with technology advance‚ the organization of the worldwide economy has evolved towards globalisation and the profit margins of many activities tend to decrease. The increased sensitivity of the vast majority of processes (industrial
Premium Electricity distribution Electric power transmission Capacitor
the Department Date: Place: Mookkannoor ABSTRACT The development of HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system dates back to the 1930s when mercury arc rectifiers were invented. Since the 1960s‚ HVDC transmission system is now a mature technology and has played a vital part in both long distance transmission and in the interconnection of systems. Transmitting power at high voltage and in DC form instead of AC is a new technology proven to be economic and simple in operation
Premium Electric power transmission Electrical engineering