Author: JOSE EDGAR B BALITA‚ MD Type of Document: Unpublished Master’s Thesis Host Institution: Bicol University Graduate School Any form of disaster lurks in every corner of the National Capital Region. Be it natural or manmade‚ the office should react in the most positive manner to such an unpredictable circumstance with most decisive manner for firefighters are always in the forefront. The joint research conducted by the Japan International Cooperation agency (JICA)‚ Metro Manila Development
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Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction The Philippines‚located just above the equator is visited by about nineteen typhoons a year. Six to nine of these typhoons make landfall. This natural calamity is unstoppable for more than a decade now which has claimed thousands of lives in the entire Philippine archipelago. The researcher has chosen the topic in order to assess the present capability of Barangay 725‚ Zone 79‚ District V‚ Manila to answer to the needs of the
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Shield Volcano: Volcanoes formed by viscous lava and have broad and flat sides. This happens due to the lava cooling slowly which lets it spread widely before cooling. Magma: Molten or partly molten rock underneath the Earth’s surface. Seismic Activity: Release of energy from the focus of an earthquake that spread outwards like waves. 2: Epicenter and focus: Epicenter is on the surface of the Earth and focus is below where the seismic activity starts. Earthquake and volcano: Earthquakes are tremors
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| Lithosphere | Ecology (NASC 1093) | | The Lithosphere * The lithosphere is the hard shell of the Earth‚ consisting of the crust and the topmost part of the upper mantle. * It is a relatively thin layer‚ about 31 to 62 miles (50 to 100 km) thick under the oceans and 93 miles (150 km) thick on the continents. * It contains the minerals‚ rocks and soils that humans have used for building materials‚ metals and agriculture. * This layer is composed of the upper crust‚ about 3 miles
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geological structure of the Earth. The earth’s crust is made up of seven major plates and a number of minor plates. The plates move because of the convection currents in the mantle caused by temperature differences within the mantle‚ leading to volcanoes and earthquakes‚ the world’s major geophysical hazards. The movement of plates due to convection currents results in a variety of types of plate boundary‚ each of which gives rise to particular types of hazards. Constructive boundaries occur where
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crust-being closer to the mantle (heat)- burns up through the continental crust‚ causing volcanoes. A- Diverging plate boundaries- moving apart‚ it can happen between continental or oceanic crust. The crust moves apart‚ which forms new oceanic crust‚ therefore making it young. Volcanoes are formed‚ but there is no grinding against plates‚ thus no earthquakes. B- Converging plate margins- earthquakes and volcanoes. The plates coming together. Crusts move towards each other‚ continental crust is
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2 case studies for volcanoes‚ and 2 case studies for earthquakes. You ideally need to have one LEDC and one MEDC for each. You could use Iceland and Pinatubo for the volcanoes; and Haiti and Japan for the earthquakes These notes were copied from an AQA textbook. They contain EVERYTHING you need to know for the exam for the tectonics section. You WILL however‚ need to use your own case studies as these are not included. You will need 2 case studies for volcanoes‚ and 2 case studies
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Geologists classify volcanoes into three distinct groups: dormant‚ extinct‚ and active. Active volcanoes have erupted recently and are expected to continue to erupt again soon. The Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program defines an active volcano as having erupted within the last 10‚000 years. A volcano finally goes extinct when there’s no lava supply in the magma chamber beneath the volcano. There are approximately 1‚500 active volcanoes in the world today and 75 percent of them are located in the
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The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics Structure of the Earth Mantle • The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: Outer core Inner core – Core – Mantle – Crust Crust The Crust • This is where we live! • The Earth’s crust is made of: Continental Crust Oceanic Crust - thick (10-70km) - buoyant (less dense than oceanic crust) - mostly old - thin (~7 km) - dense (sinks under continental crust) - young How do we know what the Earth is made of? • Geophysical surveys: seismic‚ gravity‚
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What is a disaster? Disaster‚ in this article‚ a sudden‚ accidental event that causes many deaths and injuries. Most disasters also result in significant property damage. Common natural causes of disasters include earthquakes‚ floods‚ hurricanes and typhoons‚ and tornadoes. Tsunamis (popularly‚ but incorrectly‚ known as tidal waves)‚ volcanic eruptions‚ wildfires‚ and landslides and avalanches rank among the other natural forces that sometimes create disasters. Man made Not all disasters are
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