RNA) encased in a protein capsid‚ a virus is too small to be seen by standard light microscopy; indeed‚ most are less than one hundredth the size of a bacterium. Specific proteins on the viral capsid attach to receptors on the host cell; this attachment process is essential to viral infectivity and explains why viruses may only infect the cells of certain species or may only infect certain cells or tissues within a given host species. While the infecting virus triggers an immune response in the
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***Due March 31 before class! *** Case Study “Influenza” The second case study of the semester is centered around the topic of influenza. There are two areas of reading/research for this case study. The first (homework #1) pertains to a pandemic influenza that affected people worldwide in 1918-1919. The second (homework #2) involves research into more current strains of influenza that have been found. Please type a response/explanation to the seven questions listed below. You may put both homework
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Because there is no virus-specific therapy‚ serious adenovirus illness can be managed only by treating symptoms and complications of the infection. Deaths are exceedingly rare but have been reported.[4] Prevention Safe and effective adenovirus vaccines were developed for
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Varicella Virus Whether something serious as cancer or the common cold‚ each of these things started with a virus. Viruses come in many different forms. There are about 1 million different viruses and they are everywhere. A virus is a microscopic infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. One of such is a virus commonly known as the Chicken Pox. The Chicken Pox is caused by a virus called ‘Varicella’‚ which is very contagious. Symptoms of this virus include a
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area. The virus can be carried out by bodily fluids equaling to saliva‚ semen‚ fluid in the female genital tract‚ as well as fluid from herpes sores. Once the virus has contact and successfully entered the mucous membranes‚ it begins to replicate. Replication of this virus allows the breakouts to become more frequent. The virus is then transported within the nervous system to their roots‚ where it remains latent‚for some period of time. During this inactive periods‚ the virus cannot be transmitted
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Administration of Bacterially Expressed VP28dsRNA to Protect Penaeus monodon from White Spot Syndrome Virus M. Sarathi & Martin C. Simon & C. Venkatesan & A. S. Sahul Hameed Received: 8 August 2007 / Accepted: 27 September 2007 / Published online: 17 January 2008 # Springer Science + Business Media‚ LLC 2007 Abstract We explored the possibility of protecting Penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection via interference RNA technology by oral administration of bacterially expressed
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very close contact between the two species. When the cetacean morbillivirus infects the host cell‚ it stays in the infected host for only a short time after infection (Ohishi 186). Once a host cell gets infected with the cetacean morbillivirus‚ the virus can be spread from animal to animal by contact with infected animals through entry of the eyes‚ stomach‚ and mouth‚ wounds in the skin‚ or reproductive tract. The cetacean morbillivirus can also be transmitted from an infected animal to a healthy host
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and bacterial genetics Virus Not living‚ nucleic acids and proteins Viriods and prions Viriods: Single stranded circular Rna Prions: only protein Bacteria Living‚ prokaryotes 1 Seven characteristics common to life Cells and organization Energy use Respond to environmental change Regulation and homeostasis Growth and development Reproduction Change over the course of generations 2 Viruses Over 4‚000 different types of viruses Virus have their own genomes‚ but
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fungi‚ and bacteria. Viruses that infect bacteria are called bacteriophages‚ or phages. The nucleic acid of a virus is protected by a protein coat called the capsid. Each capsid is composed of protein subunits called capsomeres. In some viruses‚ the capsid is covered by an envelope‚ which usually consists of some combination of lipids‚ proteins‚ and carbohydrates. Depending on the virus‚ envelopes may or may not be covered by spikes‚ which are carbohydrate-protein complexes that project from the
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manufacturing When first created‚ GM foods were to improve crop protection for easier growth and shipping. Now they are used to enhance taste and visual appearance. Why do we use them? Virus resistance is achieved through the introduction of a gene from certain viruses which cause disease in plants. Virus resistance makes plants less susceptible to diseases caused by such viruses‚ resulting in larger manufacturing. Difference between “natural” and “ORGANIC” In the food industry today
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