the document. Note: answers to the practice test questions are included in an appendix. 1 Pat Hammett University of Michigan Table of Contents 1. VARIABLES- QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE......................3 1.1 Qualitative Data (Categorical Variables or Attributes) ........................... 3 1.2 Quantitative Data............................................................................................... 4 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS................................................
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determine what the right acts are? Hypothetical vs categorical imperatives Hypothetical imperatives are imperatives that are binding on us in virtue of some want or desire we have. If morality were derived from these things‚ the moral demands would depend upon humans having certain desires. Categorical imperatives are binding on us regardless of our wants or desires. They are binding on us absolutely- because we are rational beings. The categorical imperative Right
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Final word count: 1597 A. THE CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE For this case‚ I will be using Kantian ethics to pinpoint the rationally correct action to take. Before discussing Kantian ethics in relation to the case‚ we must first explore what Kantian ethics is. Kantian ethics comes from the deontological school of thought‚ which focuses on the moral correctness of the act in itself (Johnson‚ 2013). This means that the judgment on the act is done a priori. This is contrasted to the consequentialist school
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describe what exactly the scandal was and how it came to be. Then it will identify and focus on the two key ethical problems associated with Adelphia Communications. After that the paper will further discuss deontological ethics and Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative (CI). From there the paper will apply a decision making framework of business ethics to the formentioned ethical problems using
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3. Instead moral requirements are categorical: they have the form “You ought to do such-and –such period‚” 4. In his Foundations of the Metaphysical of Morals (1785)‚ he (Kant) expresses the Categorical Imperative as follows: Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. Chapter 10 1. Kant gave this principle (the Categorical Imperative‚ RS) different formulations‚ but at one point he expresses
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Hume and Kant offered two differing views on morality. Hume’s philosophy regarding moral theory came from the belief that reason alone can never cause action. Desire or thoughts cause action. Because reason alone can never cause action‚ morality is rooted in us and our perception of the world and what we want to gain from it. Virtue arises from acting on a desire to help others. Hume’s moral theory is therefore a virtue-centered morality rather than the natural-law morality‚ which saw morality as
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trials overseas not only saves money‚ but it also bypasses the requirement of the FDA approval before any human testing can be performed. Using Kant’s theory for determining what actions are considered morally right and wrong‚ we can look into his Categorical Imperatives. The first CI states‚ “Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it would become a universal law”. (McPhee 1) The second CI states‚ “Act in such a way that you always treat humanity‚ whether in your
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In his publication‚ Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals‚ Immanuel Kant supplies his readers with a thesis that claims morality can be derived from the principle of the categorical imperative. The strongest argument to support his thesis is the difference between actions in accordance with duty and actions in accordance from duty. To setup his thesis‚ Kant first draws a distinction between empirical and "a priori" concepts. Empirical concepts are ideas we reach from our experiences in the world
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of morality is a standard of rationality that he dubbed the “Categorical Imperative”. Kant characterized the Categorical Imperative as an objective‚ rational and unconditional principle that we must always follow despite any natural desires or inclinations we may have to the contrary. All specific moral requirements‚ are justified by this principle‚ which means that all immoral actions are irrational because they violate the Categorical Imperative. This argument was based on his idea that a rational
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of consequentialism because the rightness or wrongness of an act is determined by the consequences. Thus‚ deontologicalism and consequentialism are the main criticisms for both these theories. Kant ’s ethics of pure duty is the basis for his categorical imperative‚ which provides the basis for his universalist duty based theory. Mill ’s theory of utilitarianism is a primary form of consequentialism. Both deontologicalism and consequentialism are valid points of argument to the ethics of an action
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