Cultural Perspectives CCM International Journal of 2003 Vol 3(1): 121–144 Cross Cultural Management ‘To Adapt or Not to Adapt’ Exploring the Role of National Culture in HRM – A Study of Pakistan Shaista E. Khilji Carleton University‚ Ontario‚ Canada This study draws out evidence from 11 organizations‚ local as well as multinationals‚ in Pakistan to test the ‘culture-sensitive’ view. A number of conclusions are drawn. First‚ the findings support this view; evidence shows
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Capital budgeting is a step by step process that businesses use to determine the merits of an investment project. The decision of whether to accept or deny an investment project as part of a company’s growth initiatives‚ involves determining the investment rate of return that such a project will generate. However‚ what rate of return is deemed acceptable or unacceptable is influenced by other factors that are specific to the company as well as the project. For example‚ a social or charitable project
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Budget The Budget is prepared by the ministry of Finance ant the union budget is presented by the Finance Minister. Our constitution has made it compulsory that every year The Budget is presented before the Parliament . The overall responsibility of preparing the budget lies with the Ministry of Finance. Various departments of this ministry work for several months to prepare the budget. Each department has a specific responsibility. The departments are: Department of Expenditure‚ Department
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What are Segmentation Variables? To understand what segmentation variables in marketing are‚ it helps to first know what market segmentation is. Market segmentation is the analysis of population demographics so they can be categorized in specific ways. These specific ways of categorization in market segmentation are why segmentation variables are needed and used. Four (4) groups of Segmentation Variables – 1. Geographic segmentation is based on variables such as: • Region: this kind of
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Flexible Work Schedules What are we really trading to get them? Flexible work schedules are very prevalent in our workplace today. Many employees have benefited from this recent concept but the long term effects on the workplace far out weigh its benefits. In this paper‚ this will be analyzed‚ along with the definition of flexible work schedules‚ the history of those schedules in the workplace and what type of employee has access to flexible work schedules‚ do they really have a future? Does
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VARIABLE COSTINGMorenike Onibon Liberty University Abstract Determining the actual valuation of manufactured assets has always been a major problem in the accounting field. The real controversy exist in the decision regarding which costs are relevant to future periods‚ and thus should be included in assets valuation‚ and which should not be charged against net income. An understanding of the relationship between costs‚ volume‚ and profit‚ enables management to set more realistic objectives for
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why Kevar Travel Plc. wished to make its workforce more flexible? (18 marks) There are several possible reasons for why Kevar Travel Plc would benefit from a flexible workforce. Flexible workforces exist when businesses place less reliance upon permanent full-time employees and make greater use of part-time and temporary workers. Implementing a core and peripheral strategy is one way to make the workforce more flexible. This is because it allows them to gain a core of skilled
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History of Indian Budget India’s first Finance Minister Sir R.K. Shanmugham Chetty‚ presented the first Finance Budget of independent India on November 26‚ 1947. Since then‚ 28 differentUnion Finance Ministers have been presenting the budget year after year. Initially‚ major attention was paid towards the agriculture sector but as the economy evolved‚ the focus shifted from agriculture to other sectors like industrial‚ financial etc. During the early the fifties‚ Indian budget highlights revolved
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. Providing a flexible work environment for employees benefits both the employee’s and employers. Flexibility creates a reduced stress environment‚ this increases productivity‚ loyalty and respect for the employer and management staff. It also allows the employees an opportunity to feel both respected and maintained‚ this increasing all-rounded improvement‚ it will also reduce the likely-hood of individuals resigning. Stress is an important part of the working environment‚ when individuals become
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propelled sales. The automotive industry has grown in the United States from 4192 automobiles on the road in 1900 to 204 million in 2003. In an effort to regain brand loyalty Ford has embarked on an ambitious automotive development process known as flexible manufacturing. In the post 9/11 economy Ford has witnessed five billion dollars in losses per quarter. The company is swimming in debt after their partnership with Mazda and Jaguar and can not afford to lose pace with their competitors. Many Ford
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