health care workers have listed barriers and constraints that prevent them from practicing proper hand hygiene; therefore‚ leading to a low compliance rate. The effect of this low compliance rate leads to longer hospital stays‚ the development of resistant bacterial infections‚ and consequently a higher mortality rate among the patients. Research suggests that using alcohol based hand-rubbing solution is more effective in preventing nosocomial infection versus standard hand washing with antiseptic
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Staph infections are caused by a staphylococcus bacterium‚ Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus is a purple‚ cocci shaped cell with its morphological arrangements in grape-like clusters‚ it is determined by a bacteriological stain‚ known as the Gram stain. This determines it to be a gram positive bacterium. When grown on bacteriological media‚ S. aureus appears as a large white to golden colony. It is not very fastidious but it grows well‚ either aerobically or under anaerobic conditions and produces
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every 20 minutes and are the same as the bacteria they came from‚ however they can sometimes mutate to adapt to their surroundings One such mutation is if they are exposed to too much antibiotics they could become resistant to the antivbiotic. Bacteria can mutate to become resistant in several ways. One is to deactivate the antibiotic before it reaches the inside of the bacterial cell‚ another is to pump the antibiotic out of the cell‚ yet another is to alter the protein on the bacterial cell so
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Difficile colonies on a blood agar plate Ecology Marine sediment‚ soil‚ sand‚ the hospital environment and the human genital tract feces of humans without diarrhea. Resistant to aminoglycosides. Pathogenicity Produces two large protein toxins (toxins A and B). Toxin A is lethal when given orally to hamsters but toxin B is not. Toxin A as been referred to as the enterotoxin. Toxin B is extremely cytopathic for all tissue-cultured
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Nursing Essay: Sample Reflecting on one’s Communication Skills Introduction Nursing students can enhance their learning through reflection that is‚ reflecting on a situation that involves nursing care (Parker 2006‚ p.115). In line with this thought‚ I shall reflect on an experience and discuss the communication skills I used or should have used during the patient encounter. I will use the three what model based on the work of Borton (1970) and Boud (1985) to help structure my reflection. Before
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Test | Results | Interpretation | Gram stain | Red; small bacilli with no arrangement | Gram-negative bacillus | 3% KOH | Positive for stringing | Verifies Gram-negative | Vancomycin | No zone of inhibition | Gram-negative (vancomycin resistant) | Motility | Only the length of stub is red | Negative for motility | Indole | Yellow layer after kovac’s reagent added | Negative for tryptophanase; Indole negative | Methyl Red | Turns red | Positive
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Dramatic increase in antibiotic resistance is an after effect of genetic material transfer from species to species and within species. Egression of Strains like VREF (vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis)‚ MRSA (Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus) add complexity to current drug resistance problems. Use of broad spectrum antibiotics as medicational strategies transforms them from its normal state as gut commensal to leading nosocomial pathogens
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are at higher risk of developing UTI are elder adults and the use of using a catheter; that may have been used in the subject’s surgery. The initial administration of Tiacarillin Clavulanate was used to reduce the number of the patients’ drug-resistant bacteria and maintain
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Disruption of the normal gut flora from wide spread use of broad spectrum antibiotics is pivotal to the development and pathogenesis of RCDI. The standard treatment of oral Vancomycin while effective is not without significant side effects‚ while treatments using FMT shows promising high response rates with excellent safety records all the while restoring the gastrointestinal microbiome to a healthy state. (Rao & Young‚
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The response rates to both drugs have been 95% or better. The effectiveness of oral metronidazole and oral vancomycin for the treatment of CDI is well supported in the literature‚ although only vancomycin has received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for this purpose. Several case reports have noted the use of IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) to induce passive immunity and achieve cure in patients
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