Utilitarianism and libertinism are debatable philosophies to decide what is just. Utilitarian main principle is maximizing society happiness. From Utilitarian point of view‚ the best action is the action produce happiness for the greatest amount of people. Even though minority of people will suffer for the majority’s happiness. Moreover‚ utilitarianism measures the cost and benefit in single scale which is happiness. From this view‚ any other things than happiness are not valuable. On the other hand
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Utilitarianism and Kant’s respective have different ways for demonstrating whether an act we do is right or wrong. Corresponding to Kant‚ we should look at our maxims‚ intentions‚ of a particular action. Kantians believe “If we are rational‚ we will each agree to curb our self-interest and cooperate with one another” (Shafer-Landau‚ Russ 194). In other words‚ humans are rational beings capable of rational behavior and should not be used purely for self-interest. On the other hand‚ Utilitarian’s believe
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In book one of Nicomachean Ethics‚ Aristotle establishes his belief that in order for humans beings to achieve true happiness‚ they should try to find balance in certain aspects of their life called virtues. To define true happiness‚ Aristotle formulates that whatever happiness is‚ it must be the highest good (49). In other words‚ Aristotle is indicating that whatever we do in life‚ we do for the sake of happiness. Furthermore‚ true happiness is the apogee of our intentions. Once we achieve true
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Aristotle believes that through reason a person can achieve happiness or Eudaimonia. In his Nicomachean Ethics‚ happiness is achieved by fulfilling your function well. Humankind’s function is to exercise reason. This ethical conduct is achieved by following the Golden Mean‚ were one should always seek a middle ground between two extremes. I believe that life can benefit by following reason and a person could use a Golden Mean to determine the right action‚ however there are some instances where it
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Aristotle was a greek philosopher who wrote the book “Nicomachean Ethics”. Aristotle’s view of human natures centers around humans achieving happiness. Too him happiness is our highest goal in life. Aristotle points out that most people in this world have a false view of what happiness really means. Most think of it as physical pleasure like eating‚ sex‚ or honor. These people have an imperfect view of what it means to be alive and what it means to be happy. The reason people have a false
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Explain Mill’s Utilitarianism [30] John Stuart Mill‚ (20 May 1806 – 8 May 1873) was a British philosopher who was principally famous for revising and expanding on Jeremy Bentham’s theory of Utilitarianism. Jeremy Bentham said that it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong. He then devised the hedonic calculus or the principle of utility as a measure of working out the usefulness of an action according to how much pleasure it creates for how many people
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The deliberate act of ending another ’s life‚ given his or her consent‚ is formally referred to as euthanasia. At present‚ euthanasia is one of the most controversial social-ethical issues that we face‚ in that it deals with a sensitive subject matter where there is much uncertainty as to what position one ought to take. Deliberately killing another person is presumed by most rational people as a fundamental evil act. However‚ when that person gives his or her consent to do so‚ this seems to give
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he would rather be a "pagan" than a member of this society because pagans found mystery in nature and created mythology out of it. Wordsworth’s reaction against the industrial domination of nature is very similar to the thematic battle of "Fancy" vs. "Fact" in Charles Dickens’ Hard Times. This conflict is portrayed in Mr. Gradgrind’s method of forcing his educational ideals on his students. Mr. Gradgrind represents the Utilitarian principle of "maximum efficiency". He believes that "hard facts"
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children and animals make voluntary decisions‚ but are they responsible in the same way that mature adults are? Aristotle’s argument seems to be very circumstantial. There are many loopholes in the statements he makes throughout Book III of Nicomachean Ethics. Under what conditions is it acceptable
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Act Utilitarianism vs Rule Utilitarianism Our world is governed by rules‚ either implied or implemented‚ and early on we are taught to live by these rules. Society expects us to act in such a way that will conform to these rules in order to live happy‚ harmonious lives. We do things‚ careful not to break any of the rules that might hurt or cause harm to others. Sometimes though‚ we do things not in accordance with the rules but based on what we feel is the right thing to do. Some people believe
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