1) Compare and contrast utilitarianism versus universalism. Utilitarianism comprises of two types of criteria which is rule based and act based. Rule-based utilitarianism argues that general principles are used as criteria for deciding the greatest benefit to be achieved from acting in a certain way. Act based utilitarians on the other hand analyze a particular action or behavior to determine whether the greatest utility or good can be achieved. Utilitarianism also includes the following tenets
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approach to justice (in your answer‚ be sure to show how it differs from modern theories of justice). Of the four “Negative Evaluations” of Virtue Ethics (see handout)‚ which do you think is the most serious? Why? Which theory – virtue ethics‚ utilitarianism‚ Kantian morality -- in your view‚ is the most convincing (you must select one)? Why? [20 marks] • Note: the most convincing answers are those that explain the main tenets the theory (e.g. Kantian morality: principle of ends in themselves‚ good
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Jane Austen’s novel‚ Sense and Sensibility‚ embodies her objection to the arbitrary social rules of the regency era through the actions of her characters (Hearn). The rules of society effect every decision one makes because of the constant desire to have what others cannot afford. Eighteenth century England’s value of dowry‚ fortune‚ and estate constrict the main characters of Sense and Sensibility’s expression of true emotion and ability to associate with people beneath their social class. Is
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John Stuart Mill begins his argument for utilitarianism by convincing us that‚ without a measure for determining moral value‚ we cannot accurately hold ourselves responsible as our own moral agents. In response to this concern‚ he outlines a moral code based on the principle of utility. As a promoter of the highest presence of pleasure and lowest presence of pain‚ Mill continues on to argue that the ultimate end is happiness‚ with all other actions and intentions having value only so far as being
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Utilitarianism is concerned about the results of an action‚ while Kantian ethics is focused about the moral duties‚ Virtue ethics on the other hand place an emphasis on the development of a good moral character. Unlike the first two ethical theories‚ virtue ethics is not a theory about what makes an action right. It answers the question‚ “What kind of individual should I be?” and “What kind of characters are necessary to live a virtuous life? Virtue ethics can be tracked back from the ancient Greek
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holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness” (11). That quote is from “Utilitarianism” written by John Stuart Mill. Mill is noted in history as a man who pushed for radical change of social and legal principles using Utilitarianism as his guide. That quote sums up his belief in that theory. In this essay I will be discussing Mill‚ the theory of Utilitarianism and how that theory relates to contemporary ethical issues. Mills was born 20 May 1806 and died in 1873
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Utilitarianism or God‚ do we have to choose? During many years that question is being formulated and many scholars had a very difficult time to decide if it was possible to follow God’s will and the principle of utility maximization. The principle of utility maximization was a theory created by John Stuart Mill and presented in his book Utilitarianism (1863). Societies throughout the years have argued that those theories are hard to combine‚ since Utilitarianism seeks for self-development and
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Ethics Comparison Anthony Phillips University of Phoenix Ethics 316 Aaron Rawls 10/13/2014 Ethics Comparison This paper will compare the similarities and differences between virtue theory‚ utilitarianism‚ and deontological ethics. This comparison will provide a description of the differences in how each theory addresses ethics and morality‚ and a personal experience to explain the relationship between virtue‚ values‚ and moral concepts as they relate to one of the three theories. Virtue theory states
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WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CONFLİCTS BETWEEN VİRTUES AND UTİLİTARİANİSM ? Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its usefulness in maximizing utility. On the other hand‚ utility can be defined as pleasure‚ preference satisfaction‚ knowledge. Virtue is a pattern of thought an behavior based on high moral standards. Virtues can be placed into a broader context of values.Each individual has
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Ethical Theory Examination Ethical Theory Examination An action can be considered ethical or unethical depending on the perspective. There are three main theories of ethics: virtue‚ utilitarianism‚ and deontology. Each theory uses different criteria to determine if an action is ethical. Although the idea of performing ethical actions is similar‚ each theory follows a different approach. The virtue theory of ethics determines what is right and wrong based upon how it will affect one’s character
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