weak urinary stream‚ and straining. Irritative symptoms include frequency of urination‚ which is called nocturia when occurring at night time‚ and urgency (compelling need to void that can not be deferred). These obstructive and irritative symptoms are evaluated using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire‚ designed to assess the severity of BPH. BPH can be a progressive disease‚ especially if left untreated. Incomplete voiding results in stasis of bacteria in the bladder residue
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(SERM) ON VOIDING FUNCTION AND P2X RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN THE FEMALE RAT TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations Page 6 Abstract Page 6 Study 1 Page 10 Introduction Page 10 Menopause and the overactive bladder Page 10 Estrogens for the treatment of OAB in post menopausal women Page 12 SERM and tamoxifen Page 15 Materials and methods Page 17 Assigning rats into 4 (acute) week and 24 (chronic) week sham and OVX groups and drug treatment
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This project is based on ‘The Excretory System’. It has vital information such: What it is‚ the functions‚ what makes it up‚ the importance of the system in physical activity and what happens if the system does not work. It contains diagrams‚ pictures and even interesting facts. Enjoy! Acknowlegement We would like to thank the Lord for providing us with the ability to put together this project. We would like to our parents for helping us to gather and put all this information together
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become infected leading to serious kidney infection called pyelonephritis. When kidney stone passes from the urine collecting system within the kidney into the ureter‚ it can act like a dam. preventing easy flow of urine from the kidney into the bladder. This causes urine to back up‚ increasing pressure and swelling within the kidney. Pain from a kidney stone can be excruciating‚ particularly as the stone is passing through the ureter. Kidney stone pain of this type is referred to as renal colic
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM A complete‚ schematic view of the human respiratory system with their parts and functions. Latin: systema respiratorium The respiratory system (or ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for the process of respiration in an organism. The respiratory system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment. The primary function of the respiratory system is to
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Pelvic fistulas in women refer to pathological communications between the urinary or gastrointestinal tract and the genital organs. The majority of urogenital fistulas relate to obstetric or postsurgical complications‚ less often to pelvic malignancy and radiation therapy. Anovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas result from obstetric trauma‚ including prolonged labor and perineal lacerations‚ whereas inflammatory bowel diseases account for fewer cases. A wide range of examinations‚ including intravenous
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tube placement‚ the cause of obstruction may not be known. Indications Temporary urinary diversion associated with urinary obstruction secondary to calculi Diversion of urine from the renal collecting system in an attempt to heal fistulas or leaks resulting from traumatic or iatrogenic injury‚ malignant or inflammatory fistulas‚ or hemorrhagic cystitis Treatment of nondilated obstructive uropathy Treatment of urinary tract obstruction related to pregnancy Treatment of complications related to renal
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Stratified squamous: A stratified squamous epithelium consists of squamous (flattened) epithelial cells arranged in layers upon a basal membrane. Although this epithelium is referred to as squamous‚ many cells within the layers may not be flattened; this is due to the convention of naming epithelia according to the cell type at the surface. In the deeper layers‚ the cells may be columnar or cuboidal. This type of epithelium is well suited to areas in the body subject to constant abrasion‚ as it
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to be in good health except for “a little high blood pressure.” The patient reports urinary frequency‚ noicturia x2‚ hesitancy‚ intermittency‚ disuria‚ and diminished force and caliber of the bladder system. In addition‚ he complained of intermittent pain in the right posterior lumbar area‚ radiating to the right flank. He also has post-void dribbling and the sensation of not having completely emptied the bladder. Earlier today‚ he had hematuria at the end of urination and several bouts of N&D.
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Describe etiology‚ pathophysiology‚ signs/symptoms‚ and nursing care of a client experiencing stress. Etiology of Stress: Situational Factors: Situational stress arises from personal or family job changes or relocation. Stressful job changes include: downsizing‚ transfers‚ promotions‚ restructuring‚ changes in supervisors‚ and additional responsibilities. Adjusting to chronic illnesses can make one feel stressed. Common diseases such as obesity‚ hypertension‚ diabetes
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