A. Comparison of Volatility by Rate of Evaporation Volatility describes how easily a substance will vaporize (turn into a gas or vapor). A volatile substance can be defined as (1) a substance that evaporates readily at normal temperatures and/or (2) one that has a measurable vapor pressure. The vapor pressure of a substance is the pressure at which its gaseous (vapor) phase is in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase. It is a measure of the tendency of molecules and atoms to escape from a liquid
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There are many difficult choices to make that could either hurt or harm others. In Charles Dicken’s novel A Tale of Two Cities‚ the French Revolution has begun‚ and Charles Darnay has decided to go to France to settle this conflict. Darnay has many reasons that influence him to go back to his home country‚ like receiving a letter from his servant Gabelle who pleads Darnay to free him from prison‚ but he hasn’t considered what would happen to himself and his loved ones when he departs. Although Darnay
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The SAS System 21:44 Wednesday‚ November 26‚ 2014 Obs date refd_1st_lag refd_1st_diff refd_1st_diff_1st_lag refd_1st_diff_2nd_lag 1 30MAR1990 . . . . 2 29JUN1990 . . . . 3 28SEP1990 . . . . 4 31DEC1990 -0.19835 0.42248 . . 5 29MAR1991 0.22413 -0.16683 0.42248 . 6 28JUN1991 0.05730 -0.20439 -0.16683 0.42248 7 30SEP1991 -0.14709 0.20291 -0.20439 -0.16683 8 31DEC1991 0.05581 -0.02545 0.20291 -0.20439 9 31MAR1992 0.03037 -0.13786 -0.02545 0
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(1)Financial assets are expected to generate cash flows and hence the riskiness of a financial asset is measured in terms of the riskiness of its cash flows. (2)The riskiness of an asset may be measured on a stand-alone basis or in a portfolio context. An asset may be very risky if held by itself but may be much less risky when it is a part of a large portfolio. (3)In the context of a portfolio‚ the risk of an asset is divided into two parts: diversifiable risk (unsystematic risk) and market risk
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ch10 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. The capital gains yield plus the dividend yield on a security is called the: A. geometric return. B. average period return. C. current yield. D. total return. 2. The expected return on a security in the market context is: A. a negative function of execs security risk. B. a positive function of the beta. C. a negative function of the beta. D. a positive function of the excess security
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Risk and Return: Portfolio Theory and Asset Pricing Models Portfolio Theory Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Efficient frontier Capital Market Line (CML) Security Market Line (SML) Beta calculation Arbitrage pricing theory Fama-French 3-factor model Portfolio Theory • Suppose Asset A has an expected return of 10 percent and a standard deviation of 20 percent. Asset B has an expected return of 16 percent and a standard deviation of 40 percent. If the correlation between A and B is 0.6
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IEOR E4707: Financial Engineering: Continuous-Time Models c 2009 by Martin Haugh Fall 2009 Black-Scholes and the Volatility Surface When we studied discrete-time models we used martingale pricing to derive the Black-Scholes formula for European options. It was clear‚ however‚ that we could also have used a replicating strategy argument to derive the formula. In this part of the course‚ we will use the replicating strategy argument in continuous time to derive the Black-Scholes partial
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Expected Monetary Value In a business environment‚ we frequently use probabilities to assess alternative financial decisions Example 1: A coin is tossed ten times. When a head is obtained‚ €4 is won. When a tail is obtained‚ €2 is lost Calculate the expected winnings. Outcome HEAD TAIL Winnings €4 -€2 Probability 0.5 0.5 Expected winnings in one toss: Expected Monetary Value (or just Expected Value (EV) = €1 Note: You never actually receive
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Revenge and Justice: Two Sides of the Same Coin If a person is driving a car and they choose to send a text‚ this distraction could cause a fatal accident. Everything a person does in life‚ every choice they make‚ has a consequence. This is definitely true of the characters in Homer’s The Odyssey. Every choice each character makes has a good or bad consequence‚ and ultimately shapes them as well as their future. The Cyclops’ choice to disregard the will of the gods‚ the crewmembers’ choice
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a portfolio beta of .90? a. $0 b. $268 c. $482 d. $543 e. $600 EXPECTED RETURN c 60. You recently purchased a stock that is expected to earn 12 percent in a booming economy‚ 8 percent in a normal economy and lose 5 percent in a recessionary economy. There is a 15 percent probability of a boom‚ a 75 percent chance of a normal economy‚ and a 10 percent chance of a recession. What is your expected rate of return on this stock? a. 5.00 percent b. 6.45 percent c
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