BIOENERGETICS ENERGY FLOW AND NUTRIENT CYCLING Ecosystem • It is an area which is self contained and life supporting. • It contains biotic (including plant‚ animal and microorganisms) and abiotic or physical factors (including nutrient cycling). • Examples include: coral reefs‚ deserts‚ savannahs and rain forests. • Several habitats and the communities associated with them make up an ecosystem. http://www.bloggersbase.com/images/uplo aded/original/c622477c9e5a5d2040c71563 31f799b10498611d.jpeg
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one example of a food chain that exists in nature. Grass-mouse-snake-hawk 2. In an ecological pyramid‚ what happens to energy‚ biomass and # of species as you move up? Why? They all decrease because energy is lost as it moves up each trophic level. Each trophic level requires more energy to sustain it‚ increasing competition for resources and causing number of organisms to drop. 3. What is biomass? Biomass is the total mass of dry organic matter per unit area. 4. In an ecosystem‚ can there be more
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Pressure | * Large variations occur - Deeper water‚ higher pressure | * Small changes occur – closer to sea level‚ higher pressure | * Pressure varies according to sea level/water surface | Light availability + penetration | * Depends on physical properties. * Light may penetrate up to 100m deep | * Abundant on land * Tropical rainforests may have diff. vertical levels | * Organisms and plants must adapt | Landscape position (slope/aspect) | * Affect exposure to currents
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evaporated the CO2 is absorbed into condensation and released as precipitation (or what we call acid rain). This is a form of pollution and is not helping the oceans in anyway. This is lowering the levels of pH in the ocean. pH plays a significant role in the oceans ecosystem‚ in the case of a rapid change in pH levels aquatic life can become stressed or die. Meaning aquatic life is unable to adjust to
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from a trophic species that eats no other species in the web and ends at a trophic species that is eaten by no other species in the web. A food chain differs from a food web‚ because the complex polyphagous network of feeding relations are aggregated into trophic species and the chain only follows linear monophagous pathways. A common metric used to quantify food web trophic structure is food chain length. In its simplest form‚ the length of a chain is the number of links between a trophic consumer
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of a caterpillar and lays her eggs; Yet another wasp‚ a chalcid‚ may lay its eggs inside the ichneumon larvae. Structural Features of Communities Communities are characterized by species diversity‚ dominant species‚ response to disturbance‚ and trophic structure interspecific competition Competition between individuals or populations of two or more species requiring a limited resource; may inhibit population growth and help structure communities competitive exclusion principle The concept that
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start with a plant. Plants provide food for ALL organisms‚ either directly or in directly (directly - animals eat plants or indirectly - animals eat other organisms which ate plants). The position an organism occupies in a food chain is called a trophic level e.g. producer‚ primary or secondary consumer. A SIMPLE FOOD CHAIN plant → animal eats plant → animal eats animal (producer) (primary consumer) (secondary consumer) E.g. cabbage →
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these questions: * What is an ecosystem‚ and how can we study one? * Is the earth an open or closed system with respect to energy and elements? * Tropic level * What are the types of food chain * Food web.etc Content 1. Introduction on ecosystem 2. Components of ecosystem 3. Trophic level 4. Food chain (introduction) 5. Type of food chain 6. Food web 7. Conclusion INTRODUCTION ON ECOSYSTEM An ecosystem is a community
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moth lizard Food Webs bird frog moth spider lizard butterfly grasshopper bug tamarind tree grass 1st trophic level | 2ndtrophic level | 3rdtrophic level | 4thtrophic level | Tamarind tree | butterfly | Moth | Bird | Grass | Grasshopper | Spider | Frog | | bug | Lizard | | Ecological pyramid frog
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four major components: The atmosphere (air) The hydrosphere (water) The geosphere (rock‚ soil‚ and sediment) The biosphere (living things) The Atmosphere The atmosphere can be divided into two layers: The troposphere extends about 17 km above sea level at the tropics and about 7 km above the north and south poles. It contains the air we breathe: 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% Greenhouse gases (H2O‚ CO2‚ CH4) that absorb and release energy that warms the lower atmosphere The stratosphere stretches 17-50
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