Signal amplification circuit The ultrasonic signal which was received with the reception sensor is amplified by 1000 times(60dB) of voltage with the operational amplifier with two stages. It is 100 times at the first stage (40dB) and 10 times (20dB) at the next stage. As for the dB (decibel)‚ refer to "Logarithm Table". Generally‚ the positive and the negative power supply are used for the operational amplifier. The circuit this time works with the single power supply of +9 V. Therefore‚ for the
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Improvements on common machines Computer- For most of the people‚ computer is a machine used for a calculation or a computation‚ but actually it is much more than that. Precisely Computer is an electronic device for performing arithmetic and logical operation. Or “Computer is a device or a flexible machine to process data and converts it into information.” To know about the complete process that how computer works‚ we will have to come across the various terms such as Data‚ Processing and Information
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Now-a-days every institution needs automation. As a part of college automation‚ we have decided to do a project “voice interactive system for college automation”. Our project allows the user to know the student’s attendance and marks quickly through the telephone line without the intention of the college authority. In the hardware side embedded system has been used. The microcontroller controls the whole
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter outlines the background to the study‚ the statement of the problem‚ objectives and the justification of the research. . 1.1Background Public utilities need a parking infrastructure that can function efficiently and be integrated with the other urban city utilities
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Embedded System Design A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction Solution Manual Frank Vahid Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California‚ Riverside Tony Givargis Department of Information and Computer Science University of California‚ Irvine John Wiley & Sons‚ Inc. Copyright © 2002‚ Frank Vahid and Tony Givargis. Instructors: Please do not post this or any portion of this manual in electronic format. ii Embedded System Design CHAPTER 1: Introduction
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Lecture 0 VLSI Design Introduction to the subject Rajesh Ghongade VIIT • Teaching Scheme – Lectures: 3 Hrs/week – Practical: 2 Hrs/Week • Examination Scheme – Paper: 100 Marks – Practical: 50 Marks – Oral: 25 Marks Unit-I VHDL Modeling and Design Flow Introduction to VLSI: complete VLSI design flow (with reference to an EDA tool). Sequential‚ Data flow‚ and Structural Modeling. Functions. Procedures‚ attributes. Test benches‚ Synthesizable‚ and non synthesizable statements; packages
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Module 3 DC to DC Converters Version 2 EE IIT‚ Kharagpur 1 Lesson 17 Types of Basic DC-DC Converters Version 2 EE IIT‚ Kharagpur 2 Instructional Objectives Study of the following: • Three basic types of dc-dc converter circuits − buck‚ boost and buck-boost • The expressions for the output voltage in the above circuits‚ with inductive (R-L) and battery (or back emf = E) load Introduction In the last module (#2) consisting of eight lessons‚ the various types of circuits
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HISTORY OF COMPUTERS AND THE INTERNET OUTLINE 1B MODULE Steps Toward Modern Computing 31 First Steps: Calculators 31 The Technological Edge: Electronics 31 Putting It All Together: The ENIAC 36 The Stored-Program Concept 36 The Computer’s Family Tree 37 The First Generation (1950s) 37 The Second Generation (Early 1960s) 38 The Third Generation (Mid-1960s to Mid-1970s) 39 The Fourth Generation (1975 to the Present) 41 A Fifth Generation? 44 The Internet Revolution 45 Lessons Learned 48
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CHAPTER :- 1 Project Overview 1. Introduction Of Project 1.1 Project Definition: Project title is “AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER “. The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count number of persons visiting particular room and accordingly light up the room. Here we can use sensor and can know present number of persons. In today’s world‚ there is a continuous need for automatic appliances with the increase in standard of
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sounds picked up from the built-in high-sensitivity condenser microphone. So you can hear what you have been missing. With a 6V (4×1.5V) battery‚ it produces good results. As shown in Fig. 1‚ a small signal amplifier is built around transistor BC547 (T1). Transistor T1 and the related components amplify the sound signals picked up by the condenser microphone (MIC). The amplified signal from the preamplifier stage is fed to input pin 3 of IC LM386N (IC1) through capacitor C2 (100nF) and volume control
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