The Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) mechanism is one of the most commonly employed tools for market settlement in the deregulated power system environment. The proposed work is to determine LMP considering the transmission congestion in Optimal Power Flow (OPF) for an open access power market. The main function of LMP is to give an economic signal to the system operator for the competitive power market. The generator bids are supposed to same as their incremental costs in order
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BICT LEVEL 300 MIS ASSIGNMENT JOHN NII ARMAH HAMMOND POSTINO DUGLE 20081462 20081467 MOBILE MONEY TRANSFER IN GHANA‚ CHALLENGES AND ECONOMIC BENNEFITS INTRODUCTION The introduction of mobile money service is taking place in isolation but in parallel with the advent and expansion of other financial electronic payments services. One of these is E-Zwich‚ an electronic platform that enables the loading and spending of electronic cash and also allows the settlement of inter-bank claims
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conditional cash transfer (CCT)? What makes it different from the unconditional cash transfer (UCT)? Conditional cash transfer is one of social transfer programs that grant poor households with regular cash under certain condition with which they comply by behaving as required‚ for instance sending their children to school or attending health clinics (Kidd and Calder 2011‚ p. 6). Basically‚ CCT comes with two dual objectives: 1) quick or short-term poverty reduction by means of cash transfers and 2) long-term
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An Empirical Investigation of Arbitrage Pricing Theory: A case Zimbabwe Petros Jecheche University of Zimbabwe ABSTRACT This study investigates the Arbitrage Pricing Theory for the case of Zimbabwe using time series data from 1980 to 2005 within a vector autoregressive (VAR) framework. The Granger causality tests are conducted to establish the existence of causality among the variables like inflation‚ exchange rate and Gross Domestic Product. The VAR estimates as shown by the impulse response
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Introduction Transfer pricing is one of the key factors of a management control system‚ which helps a company to achieve its goals‚ including profit maximization and tax minimization. There are several methods of setting transfer prices among profit centers within the same organization. Each profit center tries to set transfer prices which maximize their own profit. The buying and selling profit centers’ profits are largely affected by transfer prices. For example‚ when a high transfer price is charged
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Pricing Introduction Peter Drucker‚ who is widely regarded as the greatest management thinkers of our time once said: “Because the purpose of business is to create a customer‚ the business enterprise has two–and only two–basic functions: marketing and innovation. Marketing and innovation produce results; all the rest are costs. Marketing is the distinguishing‚ unique function of the business.” Looking at the problems faced by most businesses today‚ it seems obvious that Drucker was right when he
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Case study 3 pricing and performance Question 1: From the given last two years sales figure‚ it is showing an average of 4% price is increased in every boat. Based on last 2 years pricing pattern and the condition attached with B16 & B35.Before considering the price of B33‚ Billing Boats AS has to think about the challenge of B29 and market popularity both of these two boats .After considering all these factors the manufacturer’s selling price for the next year can be followed by: B16 30‚888
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hil61217_ch20_case.qxd 5/12/04 17:17 Page 46 ADDITIONAL CASES ■ CASE 20.3 PLANNING PLANERS This was the first time that Carl Schilling had been summoned to meet with the bigwigs in the fancy executive offices upstairs. And he hopes it will be the last time. Carl doesn’t like the pressure. He has had enough pressure just dealing with all the problems he has been encountering as the foreman of the planer department on the factory floor. What a nightmare this last month has been! Fortunately
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CHAPTER 22 MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS‚ TRANSFER PRICING‚ AND MULTINATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Describe a management control system and its three key properties 2. Describe the benefits and costs of decentralization 3. Explain transfer prices and four criteria used to evaluate them 4. Calculate transfer prices using three different methods 5. Illustrate how market-based transfer prices promote goal congruence in perfectly competitive markets 6. Avoid making
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produced in cities and towns is increasing. One of the ways to ease the pressure being applied to the current landfills‚ and the cost implications of regional landfills approximately 35Km away‚ is the construction of a Refuse Transfer Station. The introduction of a Refuse Transfer Station also provides an opportunity establish a Materials Recovery Facility. This facility allows for the recovery of recyclable materials‚ which can be
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