windows2universe.org/earth/Life/archaea.html Archaea may not have same physical similarities to eukaryotes but their metabolic pathways and genes are. Archaea’s similarities to eukaryotes can be seen in the metabolic pathway like the transcription and translation process. Protein synthesis in both begins with amino acid methionine as well as both
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gene are referred to as exons or exonic sequences. Most exonic sequences will code for a particular protein‚ but they also include other regulatory or non-coding regions that‚ although not coding for a particular protein‚ are important to the translation of mRNA. These non-coding sequences are referred to as untranslated regions (UTR) and occur at the 5’ end (5’ UTR) and 3’ end (3’ UTR) of the gene. Other sequences that do not code for protein‚ and which do not form part of the UTR of the gene
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-rRNA: ribosomal (large and like a globe) More stable than mRNA. -tRNA: transfer (shaped like t) If you flatten this it becomes mRNA. Hydrogen Bonds ………………………………. Protein Synthesis Overview- Two Processes: Transcription- synthesis of mRNA under the directions of DNA Translation- is the actual decoding of the mRNA into a polypeptide. Occurs in ribosome’s of cytoplasm and rough ER. (Ribosome’s don’t do anything but house). ---To make proteins we reassemble proteins found in meats‚ beans
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nucleic acid is duplicated to give identical copies. This process perpetuates the genetic information. 2. Transcription: a DNA segment that constitutes a gene is read and transcribed into single stranded sequence of RNA. The RNA moves from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. 3. Translation: the RNA sequence is translated into a sequence of amino acids as the protein is formed. During translation‚ the ribosome reads three bases (a codon) at a time from the RNA and translates them into one amino acid.
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RNA are produced. The sequence is as follows (1 and 2) are: Entry‚ uncodeing the viral DNA/ RNA (replication). (3) Transcription of a portion of the viral DNA. Translation follows (resulting enzymes) for multiplication of DNA/RNA. Most cases of DNA viruses early transcription is carried with the host transcriptase (some types of RNA carry their own transcriptase.) (4) Then translation of the “late” viral gene occurs. (5) Synthesis of capsid proteins in the cytoplasm of the host cell. (6) Maturation
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receptor is made that enters the cells nucleus reacting with the DNA‚ in desire for the expressed gene. Expression is complex process upon which there are many steps which undergo. One is transcription. This is where a copy of one side of genetic information is made to be stored in DNA. Upon starting transcription‚ proteins are made to read the DNA called rRNA. A second process is involved called splicing. This is where unnecessary parts of RNA are made to create the gene the protein has sent out to
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Matthew Lee Bio 10 - Study Guide 2 CELLULAR DIVISION * What is a chromosome‚ chromatid‚ chromatin?chromosome is a thread like structure of nucleic acids holding information. Chromatin super coil material part of strand. Chromatid is one strand of the chromatin. * How do they change after S phase? Makes 2 chromatids * What are the stages of interphase? What happens in each stage?G1-cell growth‚S phase-Synthesis‚G2 prepare for division * What are the stages of mitosis? What happens
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Chapter 10 and 11– Homework 1. Describe the stages of transcription. A. Begins when RNA polymerase binds to promoter B. RNA polymerase moves along DNA‚ adding complimentary ribonucleotides‚ until the end of the gene is reached C. RNA polymerase can only add to the 3’ end D. Transcription occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction E. An RNA transcript is the end result F. All three types of RNA are transcribed from DNA Name 3 classes of RNA and their function. Ribosomal RNA‚ which is the site
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structures‚ could have been the first cells and made up the membrane. Small molecules can pass through them‚ nucleic acids inside could replicate. reverse transcriptase. - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template in reverse transcription. CONCEPTS the DNA double helix – built through hydrogen bonding‚ two complementary
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CHAPT 1 - The scientific method allows the solving of problems and answering of questions. Observations Proposing ideas Testing the ideas Discarding or modifying ideas based on results Hypothesis: proposed explanation for a set of observations Hypotheses needs to be: Testable – it must be possible to examine the hypothesis through observations Falsifiable – it must be able to potentially be proven false Both logical and creative influences are used to develop a hypothesis A hypothesis
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