is the copy‚ the working script as it were; now then...one step deeper in the gene pool (oh‚ I have ALWAYS wanted to say that!) - there is an essential enzyme called RNA polymerase that will bind to the DNA strand allowing it unwind (during the transcription phase)‚ thus giving it a base from which to build a template for the copy that ’ll follow. This way‚ a single gene can be copied into hundred‚ thousands...millions...eh‚ you get the idea. Works sort of like PK-Unzip‚ just WAY more efficient (and
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Ch. 51- FAP: sequence of behaviors that are usually carried through to completion. Habituation:loss of sensitivity to unimportant stimuli. Associative learning: associating one stimulus with another. Class. Conditioning: association of an irrelevant stimulus with a fixed physiological response. Cognition: animal’s ability to perceive‚ store‚ process‚ and use info. from its sensory receptors. Agonistic behavior: contest to determine which competitor gains access to a resource. Ch. 54- Nitrogen fixation:
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it was not the witches who were recruited by the devil to harm mankind‚ but that the very belief that witches existed at all was a harmful diabolical invention” (pg. 280). Weyer used a close examination of the study of language‚ terminology‚ and translation of scripture and documents to refute the existence of witches through logic and detailed argumentative analysis. Weyer took single words and phrases from multiple documents and religious scriptures pertaining to witchcraft and proceeded to demonstrate
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DNA is synthesized from DNA‚ and RNA from RNA). RNA can be made or transcribed from DNA. It is called transcription since the same type of "language" is used in DNA and RNA -- i.e. nucleic acids. In some cases RNA may be used to make DNA (i.e. "reverse transcription") using a particular enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Protein is synthesized from RNA by translation. It is called translation‚ because essentially a different "language" is used -- i.e. amino acids (instead of nucleic acids). Once
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through the permeable cell membrane with energy from various enzymes. In the E. coli bacteria cell‚ protein synthesis occurred‚ with these new genetic traits from the plasmid. In protein synthesis‚ there are three steps: transcription‚ RNA processing‚ and translation. In transcription‚ the enzyme RNA polymerase unzips doubled stranded DNA‚ and then attaches the corresponding nucleotides to the DNA sequence. Then‚ RNA Processing occurs‚ where the new messenger RNA strand is edited by a spliceosome. The
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occurs in the 5´ to 3´ direction. What is the process of making protein from DNA? (10.6/10.7) Transcription What is the start codon? (10.8) AUG What are the 3 phases of transcription and translation? Where do they take place? (10.9) Initiation‚ Elongation‚ and Transcription Role of RNA polymerase? (10.8) It links the RNA nucleotide which readies them for transcription What is splicing/when does it occur? (10.9) RNA splicing removes introns and joins exons to produce
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REPLICATION‚ TRANSCRIPTION‚ and TRANSLATION 1. What is the difference between REPLICATION‚ TRANSCRIPTION‚ and TRANSLATION? Where does each process take place in the cell? 2. Define semi-conservative replication. 3. How is DNA read and made? From what end to what end? 4. What is the job of these enzymes: DNA polymerase? Helicase? Primase? Ligase? 5. What are the 3 kinds of RNA? What roles do each play in making proteins? 6. What molecule is read and what molecule is made in transcription? 7. What
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Unit 2 Lecture Study Guide 1) What are the parts of an atom? Where are the subatomic particles found? The atoms are the smallest units of matter with their own chemical characteristics. The atoms are divided into 2 parts. The first part is the central nucleus and the electron cloud. The central nucleus contains very heavy particles and the electron cloud contains very light moving particles. The subatomic particles are the protons‚ neutrons‚ and the electrons. They are located
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Chapter 10 and 11– Homework 1. Describe the stages of transcription. Initiation- Initiator tRNA binds to small ribosomal subunit. Small subunit/tRNA complex attaches to mRNA and moves along it to an AUG “start” codon. Large ribosomal subunit joins complex. Initiation must occur in the order listed above. Elongation- mRNA passes through ribosomal subunits. tRNAs deliver amino acids to the ribosomal binding site in the order specified by the mRNA. Peptide bonds form between the amino acids and
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that adds more telomere‚ activity differs during dif parts of life span‚ very active in young‚ low in somatic cells of adults‚ cancer cells shows increased telomerase activity TRANSCRIPTION: 2 strands ‚ TEMPLATE STRAND used to make mRNA ‚ only promoter( signals start of transcription) and terminator(end of transcription) are used ! -RNA POLYMERASE- adds nucleotide using base pair rules to create mRNA‚ no "T" in RNA "U" instead -mRNA PROCESSING- splicing- sections are removed from pre mRNA and
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