within a short time of the formation of the Ag-Ab complexes (30 mins). It is thought that reversible neutralization is due to the interference with attachment of virions to the cellular receptors eg. the attachment of the HA protein of influenza viruses to sialic acid. The process requires the saturation of the surface of the virus with Abs. Stable neutralization - with time‚ Ag-Ab complexes usually become more stable (several hours) and the process cannot be reversed by dilution. Neither the virions
Premium Virus DNA Protein
Viruses and cellular defence Structure of viruses Viruses considered non-living as they exist in an inert state outside of a host cell They consist of a strand of nucleic acid‚ either DNA or RNA‚ surrounded by a protective protein coat (the capsid) Sometimes they have a further membrane of lipid‚ referred to as an envelope‚ surrounding the protein Also have a tail section Transmission of viruses Viruses can be transmitted by travelling within a fluid‚ e.g. mucus droplets from a sneeze Once
Premium Protein Metabolism DNA
desmosomes d. gap junctions Chapter 19: Viruses I. Structure of viruses A. Nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat B. Viral genomes 1. Double or single-stranded DNA 2. Double or single-stranded RNA C. Protein coat called a capsid made up of protein subunits called capsomeres II. General features of viral replicative cycle Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function I. Membrane structure: Fluid mosaic model of membrane structure A. Phospholipids 1.
Premium Cell Cell membrane Signal transduction
responsible for photosynthesis? Chloroplast Microtubules are associated with ______. Flagella‚ chromosome movement‚ cell shape‚ and cilia Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke) are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton‚ what is the best explanation? Tobacco interferes with the sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg toward the uterus. Which of the techniques reveal internal
Premium Eukaryote Organelle DNA
these disease-infected plants are consumed‚ they will harm the organisms. It may even cause death of the organism. Loss of agricultural crops: Farmers will lose their crops to these diseases that have taken control of the crops. (Economic) Tobacco mosaic virus can devastate crops‚ resulting in huge economic losses. On a grand scale‚ crop diseases can affect human history. Eg. Potato blight caused suffering and death in Ireland and resulted in massive migration. This caused a lot of Irish people
Premium Agriculture Organism Animal
Effect of Cigarette Smoke on the lungs Cigarette smoke has a negative effect on the body entirely. It affects the various systems and the organs associated with them. However‚ the focus lies on the respiratory system; the lungs. The effects of tobacco smoke on the respiratory system include: * Irritation of the trachea (windpipe) and larynx (voice box) * Reduced lung function and breathlessness due to swelling and narrowing of the lung airways and excess mucus in the lung passages
Premium Pulmonology Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Lung
According to “Healthy People 2020" (2012‚ November 20)‚ “Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death and disease in the United States” (Tobacco Use). With regard to a possible flu pandemic in the article regarding a possible rise in flu deaths‚ according to the “Center for Disease Control and Prevention” (2012‚ November 8)‚ “CDC recommends a yearly flu vaccine as the first and most important step in protecting against flu viruses” (Prevention-Flu Vaccine). In the banning of smoking
Premium Influenza
Chapter #1- New World Beginnings‚ 33‚000 BC- AD 1769 1)What was Native American society like before European contact? What similarities and differences existed Before European contact the Native Americans believed in polytheism rather than monotheism grew corn on a farm instead of hunting‚ the Pueblo Indians lived in cubicles‚ they had advanced irrigation systems‚ Eastern Indians grew corn‚ beans and squash‚ and the Indians had no desire in money before contact with the Europeans.
Premium Thirteen Colonies United States North America
Step # 1 Why does evolution matter now? The subject of this video is an explanation on how our understanding of evolution is crucial to our treating and surviving disease brought on by viruses‚ bacteria and other microbes we deal with in our everyday lives. The example that I felt was the most powerful in this film was the illustration on how a resistant strain tuberculosis outbreak in a prison in Russia can have an effect on a people half way around the globe‚ in this era of globalization
Premium Evolution Charles Darwin Biology
differentiation is the normal process by which a less specialised cell develops or matures to possess a more distinct form and function Distinguish between infectious and non-infectious disease - Infectious diseases can be caused by prions‚ bacteria‚ viruses‚ protozoans‚ fungi or macroscopic parasitic animals - Infectious diseases can be spread from one organism to another by direct or indirect transmission - Non-infectious diseases cannot be spread rom one organism to another - Non-infectious disease
Free Immune system Bacteria