methods is one of the most effective and conventional ways to protect multimedia information. One the widely known models for image encryption is Cellular Automata (CA). CA is a self-organized structure with a set of cells in which each cell is updated by certain rules that are dependent on a limited number of neighboring cells. The major disadvantages of cellular automata in cryptography include limited number of reversal rules and inability to produce long sequences of states
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concentration on yeast activity Introduction: Yeasts are eukaryotic micro organisms belonging to the kingdom fungi. Yeasts live on sugars and produce ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products. [James Mallory‚ 1984]When Yeasts are given water and sucrose they convert the sucrose into glucose then convert the glucose into carbon dioxide and ethanol following the following reaction: C₆H₁₂O₆ ( 2(C₂H₅OH + CO₂ [Brady Burkhart‚ Terrell Grayson and Eric Kimler‚ 2009] Because yeasts produce ethanol and
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Cell Fractionation: Isolation of Mitochondria from Cauliflower and Determination of Specific Enzyme Kinetics Introduction Mitochondria is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that play a role in biochemical processes such as respiration and energy production. Mitochondria even play an important role in apoptosis‚ or programmed cell death. This is achieved by disruption of electron transport‚ oxidative phosphorylation‚ and ATP production or even the release of proteins that trigger activation
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FlowCAM® Application Note #105 Yeast Viability Measurements in Fermentation Studies Objective An important component of fermentation processes is to continually monitor yeast growth and viability. The most common method for doing this is using the ASBC hemocytometer count method. In this method‚ samples are taken from the fermentation vessel‚ stained with methylene blue‚ and then counted manually under a microscope using a hemocytometer. While this method is well known and documented
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the following simple equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 The product of photosynthesis is a carbohydrate‚ such as the sugar glucose‚ and oxygen which is released to the atmosphere. All of the sugar produced in the photosynthetic cells of plants and other organisms is derived from the initial chemical combining of carbon dioxide and water with sunlight. This chemical reaction is catalyzed by chlorophyll acting in concert with other pigment‚ lipid‚ sugars‚ protein‚ and nucleic acid
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CELL THEORY – STEM CELLS Stem cells are a large focus of study in today’s biomedical world. “They are cells that exist in an undifferentiated state‚ and transform into differing tissue types depending on what the cells surrounding them are‚“ (National Institute of Health‚ 2012). Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. In addition‚ they also serve as an internal repair mechanism inside many tissues‚ dividing without
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understand the process of fermentation of yeast in different concentrations of sucrose. The experiment worked with yeast and sugar (sucrose and glucose) to determine the rate of fermentation by testing the pressure of C02 in the test tube. The experiment tested the metabolic capability of yeast anaerobically meaning no oxygen was present (this was ensured by the thin layer of oil on the top of the solution). This means that the metabolic rate of the yeast could be determined by testing the pressure
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Cellular metabolism encompasses the many processes that work together to keep the cells in dynamic equilibrium. Cellular metabolism is responsible for providing energy to the cell and is an essential element of life. There are several complex‚ involved processes involved in cellular metabolism including glycolysis‚ Krebs’s cycle‚ and electron transport. Metabolism itself can be broken down into two different categories: catabolic and anabolic. Catabolic metabolism involves the breakdown of large
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Cell Organelles Nucleus Its function is to control the cell’s activities and retain the chromosomes. The nucleus is bound by a double membrane‚ the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope has pores in it to allow the transport of mRNA. The cytoplasm like material is called nucleoplasm which contains chromatin (coils of DNA and histone proteins)‚ it is chromatin that condenses to form chromosomes during cell division. Within the nucleus is a small spherical body called the nucleolus which
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Problem: Does prior exercise affect the ability to squeeze a clothespin? Hypothesis: After exercise‚ people will be able to squeeze the clothespin faster than those without prior exercise. Materials: For this experiment a timer and a clothespin were used. Methods: To begin this experiment an individual was asked to squeeze a clothespin as many times as possible within one minute and the results were recorded. Then this same individual was asked to exercise (run in place‚ preferably)
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