recycle at the ends on the heat transfer are studied numerically shown that the double-pass can enhance the thermal efficiency compared with the single-pass. Ó 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction In order to deliver high temperatures with good efficiency a high performance solar collector is required. Systems with light structures and low cost technology for process heat application up to 400 °C could be obtained with Solar Parabolic Trough Collector (solar PTC). These systems
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1. If a retail area is acknowledged to be "saturated‚" what does this signify for existing retailers? For prospective retailers considering this area? Saturation of a retail area signifies that there are enough retailers in a particular geographic area to satisfy consumers needs in that area and also enables retailers to prosper. But on the other hand‚ a saturated retail area also has a very high threat of getting over stored where they will be lots of retail stores and no one will be able to
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Principle of steam jet refrigeration system: - The boiling point of a liquid changes with change in external pressure. In normal conditions‚ pressure exerted on the surface of a liquid is the atmospheric pressure. If this atmospheric pressure is reduced on the surface of a liquid‚ by some means‚ then the liquid will start boiling at lower temperature‚ because of reduced pressure. This basic principal of boiling of liquid at lower temperature by reducing the pressure on its surface is used in steam jet refrigeration
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Experiment 2: Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves Background; Readings on Vapor pressure‚ Raoult’s Law from TRO: A mixture of the essential oils‚ eugenol and acetyleugenol‚ will be steam distilled from cloves. These compounds are isolated from aqueous distillate by extraction into dichloromethane. The dichloromethane solution is shaken with aqueous sodium hydroxide‚ which will react with eugenol‚ to yield the sodium salt of eugenol in the basic
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Gas Pressure and Volume Relationships Exp. E-1A A. Obtain a pressure-measuring device as indicated by your lab instructor. Obtain a 60 mL syringe‚ fill it with air‚ and connect the syringe to the gas-measuring device as indicated in the figure. Test your apparatus for gas leaks. If you can’t eliminate all leaks‚ see your lab instructor. B. If necessary‚ calibrate your gas-measuring device as indicated by your lab instructor. Fill your syringe to the largest volume mark on the syringe and reconnect
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STEAM TURBINES A steam turbine is a prime mover which converts heat energy into mechanical energy. In a conventional steam turbines cycle‚ water is used as the working fluid. The water is heated in a boiler by burning fuel. It evaporates into steam which is expanded in a turbine where mechanical power is generated. The steam generated is of high temperature and high pressure. The temperature is often in the 450 to 540 degrees centigrade range. The pressure ranges between 60 and 120 bar. The
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Steam Distillation Purpose: To use steam distillation to purify heat sensitive‚ natural products‚ like essential oils. Procedure Please refer to: Williamson‚ Macroscale &Microscale Organic Experiments 4th Ed.‚ pgs.98-109 Results Table 1.1: Steam distillation Drop # (every third drop) Temperature (ºC) Addition of 0.5 mL water 1 100.3 Water added 2 100.5 3 100.5 Water added 4 100.6 Water added 5 100.6 6 100.6 Water added 7 100.6 8 100.6 Water added 9 100.3 10 100.6
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The Steam Turbine‚ Part I The Steam Turbine by Sir CHARLES A. PARSONS‚ K.C.B. Best viewed with window no wider than the above line. THE STEAM TURBINE In modern times the progress of science has been phenomenally rapid. The old methods of research have given place to new. The almost infinite complexity of things has been recognized and methods‚ based on a co-ordination of data derived from accurate observation and tabulation of facts‚ have proved most successful in unravelling the secrets of
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Steam Engines A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Using boiling water to produce motion goes back about 2000 years‚ but early devices were not practical. Since the late 1700’s steam engines have become a major source of mechanical power. The first steam-powered devices were used to pump water out of mines. In 1781‚ James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotative motion. These engines enabled a wide range of
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leaves and the subsequent movement of absorbed water takes place through xylem. Water and dissolved salts travel upwards in the xylem vessel‚ while food passes downwards and upwards in the sieve tubes of the phloem. There are four main differences between xylem and phloem: (1) xylem is dead‚ where as phloem cells are alive. (2) Xylem carries mainly water and minerals‚ while organic compounds such as sugar and amino acids are transported to the phloem. (3) The flow of liquid in xylem is upward only
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