Introduction The development of thrombus is an important part of the transition of the coronary lesions from a stable to an unstable state which is considered the substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Angiographic and post-mortem findings confirm this (1‚ 2). The above consists the pathophysiological background of recent studies that had as an objective to prove the efficacy of rivaroxaban in recent ACS (3). Rivaroxaban is an anti-Xa antithrombotic factor that was firstly studied for the
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This may result in the formation of a blood clot‚ or thrombus‚ in a condition known as thrombosis. The thrombus may block the blood vessel‚ reducing or preventing the supply of blood to tissues beyond it. The region of tissue deprived of blood often dies as a result of the lack of oxygen‚ glucose and other nutrients that the blood normally provides. Sometimes‚ the thrombus is carried from its place of origin and lodges in‚ and blocks‚ another
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disruption‚ irregular luminal lesions‚ and shear injury; (2) platelet aggregation; (3) thrombus formation causing partial or total lumen occlusion; (4) coronary artery vasospasm; and (5) reperfusion injury caused by oxygen free radicals‚ calcium‚ and neutrophils. In patients with non-infarction ACS‚ spontaneous fibrinolysis of the thrombus occurs rapidly‚ minimizing ischemic insult; persistence of the occlusive thrombus‚ however‚ results in
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Mechanisms of Occlusion Most MIs are caused by a disruption in the vascular endothelium associated with an unstable atherosclerotic plaque that stimulates the formation of an intracoronary thrombus‚ which results in coronary artery blood flow occlusion. If such an occlusion persists long enough (20 to 40 min)‚ irreversible myocardial cell damage and cell death will occur.5 The development of atherosclerotic plaque occurs over a period of years to decades
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CVA Patients Profile Patient name: ABC Age: 32 yrs. Old Sex: Male Date of Admission: February 07‚ 2013 Admitting diagnosis: CVA prob. Thromboembolic Infarct GCS: 11 (Lethargic) V/S taken as follows: BP= 110/80 mmHg RR= 24 CPM PR= 82 BPM Temperature= 38.0 ͦC Patient’s History * Past medical history of Bell’s Palsy * Mild Stoke Introduction Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or Stroke‚ is the rapid loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the
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* Thrombosis * Inflammation Pathogenesis: * Majority result from disruption of atherosclerotic plaque platelet aggregation intracoronary thrombus formation * Thrombus transforms region of plaque narrowing severe or complete occlusion marked imbalance between O2 supply + demand * Partially occlusive thrombus is usual cause of: * Unstable angina * Non ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) * Both very similar – latter has myocardial necrosis (whereas unstable
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Diagnosis: Heart Failure Defined: “An abnormal clinical condition involving impaired cardiac pumping that results in pathophysiologic changes in vasoconstriction and fluid retention” (Lewis‚ Heitkemper‚ Dirksen‚ O’Brien‚ Bucher‚ 2007‚ p. 821). Risk factors: Increasing age and coronary artery disease are the two main risk factors for heart failure. Heart failure may also develop by other contributing risk factors‚ such as cigarette smoking‚ diabetes‚ high cholesterol‚ obesity‚ and hypertension
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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a progressive disease that causes narrowing or occlusion of the coronary arteries‚ causing a decreased blood supply to the myocardial layer of the heart‚ and prevents the arteries from dilating. As a result the tissue is deprived of oxygen necessary to thrive‚ which in turn can lead to myocardial ischemia‚ leading to several types of infarctions. Depending on the area of the ischemia‚ there can be several complications. For example‚ a ST segment elevation myocardial
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Describe two examples of homeostatic systems in humans The phrase homeostasis originates from the Greek language. “Homeo” defined as “similar” and “stasis” meaning “stable”. Homeostasis is vital for us humans as it maintains equilibrium in the body‚ which may be caused due to extrinsic changes. Homeostasis happens to sustain the bodies activity‚ health and functioning. Homeostasis can occur to organs like skin‚ kidney or liver and it usually contains a system of feedback controls. The body has various
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Echocardiography Workshop Paul Lindower‚ MD‚ FASE Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine University of Iowa Hospitals Friday October 6‚ 2006 Echocardiography for the Primary Care Practitioner • Educational Objectives: – Understand the Bernoulli and Continuity equations and how they may be used to assess valvular disease – Recognize echo techniques to assess the severity of mitral regurgitation and their limitations – Describe what factors determine whether a pericardial effusion promotes
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