MORALS UNIVESRALLY KNOWN AS WRONG? CHALLENGES TO RELATIVISM Heidi Derflinger SOC 120 June 13‚ 2011 ARE THERE UNIVERSAL MORAL REQUIREMENTS AND IS SOME MORALS UNIVERSALLY KNOWN AS WRONG? CHALLENGES TO RELATIVISM Imagine you are a philosopher/thinker‚ attending a conference where the following questions arise; Are there universal moral requirements? Are there some morals universally known as wrong? One philosopher‚ Lenn Goodman argues that there are some certain morals known as simply wrong.
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arthritis. While statistics may seem like impressive additions to an argument‚ they may also be deceptive. They frequently do not “prove what they appear to prove.” (p. 142) Knowing the unreliableness of statistics makes it important for a critical thinker to ask‚ are the statistics deceptive? (p. 142) Statistics stating that wages and benefits make up roughly 40 percent of Penn-Mart’s annual budget are cited‚ however 40% is not clearly defined or accurately identified. Also cited is data from underwriters
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critical thinking; it is more than a willingness to engage in critical thinking; it is even more than an enjoyment of engaging in critical thinking. *** To have a spirit to think critically is to have the habit of engaging in critical thinking. Critical thinkers habitually‚ routinely‚ and frequently apply their critical thinking skills (in the weak sense) to the problems they encounter regularly in their everyday life and (in the strong sense) to their own beliefs‚ assumptions‚ and attitudes. They also accept
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these problems people may need to change their way of thinking and become critical thinkers. Everything we do is determined by how we think. We now face the probability of wars‚ we have hunger throughout‚ our natural habitats are declining‚ and we face global warming. Everyday lives are stressful in a fast paced world. It may be possible to solve these problems if more people understood how to be critical thinkers. "Critical thinking means making reasoned judgments." Critical thinking is using criteria
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“For it is our duty to understand the origins of our own history and its development; and the achievements of People and of Kings.” (Bruni) The Renaissance opened possibilities for thinkers‚ like Niccoló Machiavelli‚ to view the political and moral problems in new ways than in the Middle Ages.The economy in the Renaissance was changed by the transition from feudalism to merchant capitalism. Civic humanists greatly influenced the Northern humanists‚ which caused Italian humanism to spread until the
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who formed new political‚ educational‚ philosophical and economical ideas which used reason instead of religion and changed history. Adam Smith‚ the father of modern economics and the father of capitalism‚ was the most influential Enlightenment thinker as his book “The Wealth of Nations” made a substantial impact on the modern day economy. Adam Smith focused on economics and He established economics to be its very own important topic and he was the first philosopher to focus on economics in society
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African philosophy In a class there is a learner with low interpersonal skills. The learner is withdrawn and doesn’t seem to be integrating with other learners in class activities. The key point as a teacher is how to encourage the learner to be more self-confident in and out of a classroom environment. The issue for the learner may be behavioural‚ a home issue or a negative attitude‚ causing the inability for the learner to work with peers in the classroom. The method of counselling would be
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followers‚ also known as “critical thinkers”‚ and dependent followers‚ “uncritical thinkers” (Webber‚ 2003‚ p. 1). Independent followers are considerate of their environment‚ initiatives‚ and even other people’s initiatives. They exhibit and are willing to exploit their capacity to generate solutions and alternatives. Dependent followers‚ however‚ lack creativity and only cling to offered directions. This level of obedience instructions among ‘uncritical thinkers’ is reported even in cases that demands
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happened without the ideas of the Enlightment Thinkers. The thinkers changed the way people viewed themselves‚ and others. People were shown a new form of self worth that they had not been shown before‚ such as bold thoughts‚ and freedom of expression‚ to which the British couldn’t control‚ leading to the American Revolution. The new America needed a new form a government‚ different from Britians. So they used the ideas of the the Enlightment Thinkers to help write the Constitution. Next
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Voltaire wrote over seventy volumes with a great variety of genres. His Enlightenment ideas were built on several essential elements---- senses‚ reason‚ emphasis on science‚ deist belief and a rationalized government. According to Enlightenment thinkers‚ senses were an essential element of their ideas. Human beings were capable of using their senses to observe the universe. By using their individual senses‚ people discovered new ideas and reassessed their original values more critically. In the
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