Binary Solutions Composition as a thermodynamic variable Gibbs free energy of binary solutions Entropy of formation and Gibbs free energy of an ideal solution Chemical potential of an ideal solution Regular solutions: Heat of formation of a solution Activity of a component‚ Henry’s and Raoult’s laws Real solutions: interstitial solid solutions‚ ordered phases‚ intermediate phases‚ compounds Equilibrium in heterogeneous systems Reading: Chapter 1.3 of Porter and Easterling‚ Chapters 9.5‚ 9.6‚ 9.9
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Experiment 4: Conductivity of electrolyte solutions (Dated: October 29‚ 2009) I. INTRODUCTION Pure water does not conduct electricity‚ but any solvated ionic species would contribute to conduction of electricity. An ionically conducting solution is called an electrolyte solution and the compound‚ which produces the ions as it dissolves‚ is called an electrolyte. A strong electrolyte is a compound that will completely dissociate into ions in water. Correspondingly‚ a weak electrolyte dissolves
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Thermal Expansion happens a lot in everyday life. When something is heated and expands this is Thermal Expansion. The way Thermal Expansion works‚ is when it is heated the atoms expand‚ and then when it is cooled it shrinks. Several examples of Thermal Expansi Thermal Expansion happens a lot in everyday life. When something is heated and expands this is Thermal Expansion. The way Thermal Expansion works‚ is when it is heated the atoms expand‚ and then when it is cooled it shrinks. Several
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Conductivity Lab | Did conduct | Did not conduct | Solid sodium chloride | | | Solid sucrose | | | Distilled water | | | Alcohol | | | Tap Water | | | Distilled water and sodium chloride | | | Distilled water and sucrose | | | Alcohol and sodium chloride | | | Alcohol and sucrose | | | Questions: 2). Did any of the liquids conduct an electric current? If so‚ which one(s)‚ and please explain why or why not thoroughly? The tap water contains ions
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1. Thermal inertia is a measure of the thermal mass and the velocity of the thermal wave which controls the surface temperature of a material. In heat transfer‚ a higher value of the volumetric heat capacity means a longer time for the system to reach equilibrium. 2. The ocean acts as a massive heat-retaining solar panel. 3. Salinity‚ temperature and depth all affect the density of seawater. 4. A pycnocline is the cline or layer where the density gradient (∂ρ⁄∂z) is greatest within a body of water
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THERMAL SENSITIVITY REPORT METHOD Measuring oxygen concentration: One glass vial was filled with 7-13 Artermia. After incubation‚ uncapped at 15oC for 5 minutes‚ the glass vial was sealed underwater and incubated again for another 5 minutes. After this 5-minute incubation‚ a reading of oxygen concentration was taken via a fibre-optic cable held onto a sensor spot on the vial. The vial was then returned to the incubation bath. The first reading represented time zero and subsequent readings
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List two aspects of materials behaviour that the Drude model can explain. The Drude model can explain the Thermal Conductivity in metals and Electrical Conductivity of metals. List two aspects of materials behaviour that the Drude model can’t explain but the Quantum Free Electron model can. Explains the effects of the temperature‚ impurities‚ and deformation on Electrical Conductivity in which the Drude Model can’t explain. List two aspects of materials behaviour that the Drude and QFE models
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below ground level T2 20-25 oC Thermal conductivity of glass Kg 0.78 W/moC Thermal conductivity of concrete Kc 1.73 W/moC Thermal conductivity of brick Kb 1.32 W/moC Thermal conductivity of plaster Kp 8.65 W/moC Thermal conductivity of thermocol Kth 0.02 W/m2oC Thermal conductivity of aluminum Kalu 250 W/m2oC Heat Transfer Co-efficient for Glass Ug 4.59 W/m2oC Convective factor Fc 1.42 - Radiative factor
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dissociate the weak acid. CH3COOH H+(aq) + CH3COO-(aq) approx 99% approx 1% Conductivity Any solution’s ability to conduct electricity is conditioned by the concentration of ions it contains. A strong acid has more ions than a weak one‚ and so it’s solution will be a better electrical conductor than a weak acid. The same goes for strong/weak bases. The conductivity may be measured using a power pack and two graphite electrodes connected to an ammeter. The apparatus
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Lab #7: Thermal Energy Heat is thermal energy being transferred from one place to another‚ because of temperature changes. This can take place by three processes. These three processes are known as conduction‚ convection‚ and radiation. When we place two objects with different temperatures in contact with each other‚ the heat from the hotter object will immediately and automatically flow to the colder object. This is known as conduction. Some objects make excellent conductors of heat while
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