Assignment 1: Criminal law 1) Elaborate the various theories of punishment in Criminal Law (10m) There are four theories of punishments‚ namely‚ retribution theory‚ deterrent theory‚ and reformation theory. Firstly‚ a kid who falls down and kicks the floor inadvertently. Generally‚ it is believed to be a firm of taking revenge and would not serve only penal purpose. Deterrent theory by punishing the offenders deters the wrongdoer specially and deters the general public also by
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After a time when punishment was based on the idea of an eye for an eye and the supernatural world a new type of thinking came out that focused on rational choice and freewill. Ceasare Baccaria wrote On Crimes and Punishments‚ which focused on punishment as a way of preventing crime versus intervening in someone’s morality. Beccarria and deterrence theory assume that people are not influenced by some higher power but that people make rational choices to commit crime because according to their calculations
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The underlying principle of utilitarian theory is it seeks to punish offenders to discourage or deter future unlawful activity. However‚ the retributive theory seeks to punish offenders because they deserve to be punished (Net Industries‚ 2014). The utilitarian theory recognizes that punishment has penalties for both the offender and society. It holds that the total good created by the punishment should go beyond the entirety of evil; meaning punishment should not be unlimited. For example‚ releasing
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When you think of punishment and reward you think of a reaction; but man has come up with theories of why we do the things that we can do. Conditioning and learning is defined as change in behavior‚ which is resulted by different types of practices and experiences. In this report the main topics will be classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning‚ cognitive-social learning‚ and neuroscience and evolution. Every time we do something good or bad the outcome determines our reactions in future situations
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K1 Danielle K Marxist Theory and Crime and Punishment Throughout human history countless philosophers have risen with what they thought to be the best form of government for society as a whole. Karl Marx may be the most influential philosopher in Russian history. According to The Free Dictionary‚ Marxism is the concept that “class struggle plays a central role in understanding society’s allegedly inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist and ultimately classless society”
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Punishment is a response-dependent environmental change that reduces the future probability of a response (Azrin & Holz‚ 1966). Punishment contingencies are frequent in the natural environment (Skinner‚ 1953); however‚ our understanding of punishment contains substantial gaps‚ and basic research on punishment has declined rapidly over the past 40 years (Baron‚ 1991; Lerman & Vorndran‚ 2002). Furthering the understanding punishment as a process would have not only basic and theoretical implications
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to communism. Government officials‚ police‚ and other advocates watched the society closely to ensure complete obedience reminding us of Michael Foucault’s theory of punishment and discipline and Jeremy Bentham’s Panopticon. Analyzing East Germany circa 1984 through Florian von
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Capital Punishment is defined as the legal authorization of killing a person as a punishment of a serious crime. This act has been around since the beginning of civilization‚ and even though the methods of punishment have changed throughout time‚ the idea is still the same. It is a way of punishing someone for a heavy offended crime. In this essay‚ I will discuss both sides of this ethical issue using the consequentialist theory. The C1 theory states that punishment as a response to crime is morally
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moral boundaries of the social group. Punishment is the reciprocal effect of society’s moral outrage‚ generating and maintaining a solidarity that society cannot readily do without” (Science Encyclopedia). Hegel’s theory of punishment is a critical role for the act of punishing a criminal; punishment is an essential force of society and shows the power of the judicial system. Social thinkers from the nineteenth century emphasized that crime and punishment play important roles in society. Around
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Capital punishment as known as death penalty‚ means someone who should be punished in his behavior. Of course‚ this punishment has been abolished in the United States. Theory of punishment can be divided into two concepts: the Utilitarian and Retributive. Utilitarian theory of punishment to discourage criminal behaviors someone attempts to punish the perpetrators‚ or " shock and awe”‚ the future wrong behavior. Retribution theory attempts to punish the perpetrators because they should be punished
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