TOTAL PRODUCT CURVE: A curve that graphically represents the relation between total production by a firm in the short run and the quantity of a variable input added to a fixed input. When constructing this curve‚ it is assumed that total product changes from changes in the quantity of a variable input (like labor)‚ while other inputs (like capital) are fixed. This is one of three key product curves used in the analysis of short-run production. The other two are marginal product curve and average
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• The demand curve is flatter (more horizontal) the closer the substitutes for the product and the less diminishing marginal utility is at work for the buyers. • The dependent variable in demand analysis is the quantity (the number of units) sold. The independent variables are price‚ income of buyers‚ the price of substitutes‚ and the price of complements. • An increase in income shifts the demand curve to the right for normal good. It goes to the left for an inferior good. • An increase in the
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(external) forces are equal in magnitude‚ while supply–demand curves are unitary elastic. Given a certain event/scenario‚ (a) analyze the curve/s affected‚ shifts or movements and the direction‚ and (b) effect to equilibrium price (P*) and equilibrium quantity (Q*) Scenario 1 a. Prices of optical drives suddenly increase The production cost has increased so the supply decreases and eventually the price go up. The supply curve shifts to the left. b. A new market-standard operating
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Movement along the demand curve: There are many factors determining demand- the prime one being price. Price and quantity are the two components which form the demand curve. Any change in these two variables doesn’t cause a shift in the demand curve but a movement along what is already existent. When prices vary‚ quantity is altered. Usually‚ applying the law of demand‚ more will be consumed when prices drop and vice versa. When more goods are consumed due to a drop in prices there is an expansion
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Derive the demand curve? To show what the consumer should do to maximize utility‚ a budget line must be added to the preferences shown in the indifference curves. The picture below adds one. Point a is not attainable because it lies to the right of the budget line. The consumer is indifferent between points b and d because they lie on the same indifference curve‚ but point d is cheaper than b because d lies below the budget line. The consumer wants to get on the highest indifference curve affordable
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Chapter 8 THE DEMAND FOR MONEY STEPHEN M. GOLDFELD Princeton University DANIEL E. SICHEL* Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Contents 1. 2. Introduction Overview of empirical difficulties 2.1. 2.2. U.S. money demand Money demand: International evidence A brief theoretical overview A variable-by-variable review Money demand and the partial adjustment mechanism Criticisms and modifications of the partial adjustment model Dynamic models that impose long-run
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The Demand for Money T 1) Multiple Choice The quantity theory of money is a theory of (a) how the money supply is determined. (b) how interest rates are determined. (c) how the nominal value of aggregate income is determined. (d) all of the above. Answer: C Question Status: Previous Edition 2) Because the quantity theory of money tells us how much money is held for a given amount of aggregate income‚ it is also a theory of (a) interest-rate determination. (b) the demand for money. (c)
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prices and wages when they set nominal prices and wages. If expected inflation is higher‚ newly set prices and wages will be higher. d Draw the relevant AS curves showing what will happen if expected inflation falls. Label everything and discuss (typed). When the inflation falls‚ the AS curves shit upward‚ because the price level will increase. SECTION TWO: 2 points Explain for each event whether it changes the short-run aggregate supply‚ long-run aggregate
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then the result will be a prolonged period of a. high unemployment. b. production above potential GDP. c. shortages in supply. d. inflation whenever supply increases. Figure 10-8 6. The slope of the consumption function is measured by the marginal propensity to save. 7. If the stock market falls by 25 percent next year and remains down‚ what is most likely to happen to the consumption function? a. It will shift downward. b. It will shift upward. c. It will not shift‚ but people
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TASK 1 Laissez-faire Laissez-faire is an economic environment in which transaction between private parties are free from tariffs‚ government subsidies‚ and enforced monopolies‚ with only enough government regulation sufficient to protect property rights against theft and aggression. The phrase laissez-faire is French and literally means “let them do”. But it broadly implies “let it be”‚ or “leave it alone”. A laissez-faire state and completely free market has never existed‚ though the degree of government
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