1. Pricing decisions Factors to consider when setting prices All profit organizations and many non profit organizations must set prices on their products or services. Simply defined‚ price is the amount of money charged for a product or service. More broadly‚ price is the sum of the values consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service. A company ’s pricing decisions are affected both by internal company factors and by external environmental factors. These factors
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Pricing Decisions are decisions faced by top management and marketing managers. How much to charge for a product or service depends on a multitude of factors such as competition‚ cost‚ advertising‚ and sales promotion. Economic theory suggests that the best price for a product or service is the one that maximizes the difference between total revenue and total costs. However‚ in reality‚ the price charged is usually some form of cost-plus‚ which is later adjusted for market conditions and competition
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Factors affecting Pricing Strategies Introduction Pricing can be defined as the assignment of value or the cumulative amount of value that a customer must exchange in order to receive a particular product or service (Gerth‚ n.d.). For marketers‚ pricing can be viewed as a single strategic tool that can translate a potential business entity into reality (Abratt & Pitt‚ 1985). On the same notion‚ Avlonitis & Indounas (2005) noted that pricing is the only element of the marketing mix that
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Notes on Pricing Decisions In this note‚ we will discuss the pricing of a given product or a service. We will only discuss the pricing of an individual product/service and not the pricing across a set of products in a product line. Thus in the discussion that follows‚ we assume that the pricing decision of the product/service under consideration has no bearing on the profitability of other products/services in the portfolio of the firm. 1. Overview of the Pricing Decision: While making
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B6015: Decision Models Modeling Group Project The purpose of this group project is to apply the modeling concepts and methods learned in class to an important real-world decision making problem based on your own work or personal experience. It could include a problem faced at job‚ consulting assignment‚ school‚ club‚ organization‚ etc. that someone in your group has been personally involved with. For examples of past projects‚ see under the Content / Sample Projects on the Angel page for the
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head: PRICING MODELS Pricing Models Adam F. Thornton FIN 501 – 3 TUI University Dr. William Anderson Chipotle Mexican Grill (CMG) is one of the fastest growing restaurant chains in the United States. Self proclaimed as “fast-casual‚” CMG offers a dining experience that is unique‚ organic‚ and which draws from the local economy. For the investor‚ CMG is a wise investment for the aggressive and fast growing portion of a portfolio. When determining an appropriate model to evaluate
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Discuss the concepts of limit and predatory pricing. Explain how imperfect knowledge of other firms’ costs or financial conditions can lead to limit or predatory pricing. Limit pricing is when an incumbent firm sets a “low price with the purpose of deterring entry”. Predatory pricing is when an incumbent sets an “‘irrationally’ low price [possibly below cost] so other firms can’t compete” forcing existing firms to exit the market. Both pricing strategies require at least two periods: the first to
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marketing strategy so important to the pricing decision? Can you think of some examples in which the strategy and the price appears to be inconsistent? The decision process required to set prices takes into consideration various factors. According to (Winer & Dhar‚ 2011)‚ these factors are marketing strategy‚ customer perceived value‚ competition and costs. This brief analysis will focus on the effect that one factor‚ marketing strategy‚ has on the pricing decision. A marketing strategy has many
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Pricing is both an art as well as science. There is no one right way to determine the price of products or services you are selling. To a large extent‚ the price is based on the value customers perceive to get from the product and what they are willing to pay for it. So what factors do you need to consider when pricing your products and services? 1.Objectives of the Business : There may be various objectives of the firm such as getting a reasonable rate of return‚ to capture the market‚ maintenance
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Objectives The course aims to provide students with solid theoretical frameworks in asset pricing and other fields of finance. For asset pricing‚ the concepts of risk and return‚ and state prices will be introduced as a stepping stone towards the discussions of more advanced topics including the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)‚ the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT)‚ and other more recent asset pricing models. Other topics in finance such as options and behavior finance may also be covered on an optional
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