By 1871‚ Europe was remapped with the rise of two newly united nations - the Kingdom of Italy and the German Empire. The unification movements of both countries took place at roughly the same time in the mid-19th century and were motivated by the same historical trends - liberalism and nationalism. Before the French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte‚ both Italy and Germany shared some similar features. Italy was divided into a number of separate states which were ruled by despotic kings. Yet the
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Risorgimento (literally‚ "resurgence"). Giuseppe Mazzini and his leading pupil‚ Giuseppe Garibaldi‚ failed in their attempt to create an Italy united by democracy. Garibaldi‚ supported by his legion of Red Shirts-- mostly young Italian democrats who used the 1848 revolutions as a opportunity for democratic uprising--failed in the face of the resurgence of conservative power in Europe. However‚ it was the aristocratic politician named Camillo di Cavour who finally‚ using the tools of realpolitik‚ united
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FRQ: Discussing the reasons for the changing aims and methods of the French Revolution. The French Revolution was a period of radical reform among the government and bourgeoisie that was initiated by the largest of the three estates to eliminate the unfair treatment that they were subjected to. The Third Estate was comprised of peasants and commoners that were being heavily taxed‚ while the nobles and bourgeoisie enjoyed a life of luxury with tax exemptions and political benefits like voting
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How far was political opposition to the Tsar divided in their aims and methods‚ 1881-1905? Political opponents of the Tsar were clearly divided in their aims and methods‚ and consequentially may have contributed to the survival of Tsarist Russia. The main parties were the Social democrats (Bolsheviks and Mensheviks)‚ Social Revolutionaries and Liberals (Octobrists and Kadets). Each of these radical parties had their own separate beliefs on what Russia needed and each aimed for some sort of change
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of Cavour and Garibaldi in Italian Unification between 1852 and 1861 It is undeniable that both Camillo de Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi both played integral roles in the unification of Italy. These men dedicated their lives to the creation of one cultural and political entity. They also made many great strides towards this unification that very well may have not happened‚ or at least would not have happened in the same way‚ if they had not existed. Yet despite this common aim‚ it
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painting The Dying Mazzini Is death always painful? In his 1873 portrait‚ The Dying Mazzini (30 1/8” X 39 ½”‚ Providence‚ RISD Museum)‚ Italian realist painter Silvestro Lega captures the final hours of Mazzini Morente’s life. In this painting‚ rather than depict the terror of death‚ a topic which people dislike and always associate with separation‚ fear‚ agony and sadness‚ Lega shows an incredibly peaceful and serene scene of dying Mazzini. With his eyes closed‚ Mazzini lies on a bed
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To what extent is it fair to refer to Cavour as the architect of the Italian Unification? After the failures of the 1848 revolution‚ Count Camillo Benso Di Cavour stepped in as the Prime Minister of Piedmont as the state was considered to be agitation concentration for those who still aimed and fought for the independence and unison of Italy. His liberal leadership philosophies enabled him to contribute in the movement towards the Italian Unification. However‚ is it fair to consider him an Italian
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O-30 (2003) full size 12/8/03 10:13 PM Page 1 CALIPERS How to Read Vernier Calipers Fractional Reading Vernier Scale. 1/16" on the main beam is subdivided into eight or to 1/128". Because of .300" inside jaw thickness‚ the vernier is placed .300" off from zero point. Position of the vernier plate can be readjusted. 1/16" Graduations on the main beam. Decimal Reading Vernier Scale. 1/40th of an inch is subdivided into 25 by the vernier to read to onethousandth
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AIMS OF EDUCATION Education has been conceived so variously in human history‚ especially in term of its aims. Chopra (2005) defines the term ‘Aims’ as: “Long-term ambitions which may or may not be achieved‚ but which provide personal motivation and direction” (p.16). Perhaps more than other aspects of human existence‚ it is education which lends a direction to human efforts through a certain underlying ‘philosophy’: “a set of ideas about the nature of reality and about the meaning of life” (McNergney
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Sociology and Its Aim Sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior. This is the most basic definition of sociology that one would find. Getting a little more in depth‚ it is the study of humans in groups and how they interact with one another. A scientist in this field‚ a sociologist‚ would look at these groups by means of the sociological perspective. This involves looking at a certain behavior like you have never witnessed it before. If done correctly the sociologist
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