This historical document is derived from a 1990 APA presidential task force (revised in 1997). LEARNER-CENTERED PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES: A Framework for School Reform & Redesign TABLE OF CONTENTS: Background Learner-Centered Principles Prepared by the Learner-Centered Principles Work Group of the American Psychological Association ’s Board of Educational Affairs (BEA)‚ November 1997 BACKGROUND Throughout its history‚ psychology has provided vital information for the design of schooling based
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Negotiating with learners‚ e.g. initial assessment‚ agreeing goals and actions Initial assessment is the beginning of a teacher/learner relationship‚ allowing the teacher to identify and discover learners with difficulties and disabilities if the learner is confident to talk about them. By recording this information‚ plans towards teaching can be made so every learner feels included and progress in their learning experience. The information will determine the learners starting point; the learners may already
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Types of learners People learn in a variety of ways. There are people who better perceive information by listening to it‚ whereas others prefer seeing or visualising it. Some people tend to learn everything through practising . Still‚ others learn best through reading and writing. According to the way of perceiving information‚ learners can be classified into four types: auditory‚ visual‚ kinesthetic and read/write. The first type of learners is auditory learners who process information
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Special learners are individuals whose physical attributes and/or learning abilities differ from the norm. Students who are mentally impaired‚ learning disabled‚ visually impaired‚ hearing impaired‚ physically challenged‚ and gifted and talented are often identified as special learners. Music is a vital part of the education of all learners including special learners. Music is a valuable content area and can be used as an aid in developing basic skills for all learners. Children learn to learn
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write a nonfiction novel in an objective and sympathetic manner‚ especially one concerning a topic such as murder and the death penalty‚ is no easy task. In Cold Blood was true to Capote’s intent as it was very much a sympathetic novel‚ but some objectivity was sacrificed in order to make the novel both sympathetic and interesting. Overall‚ In Cold Blood was a very sympathetic novel. Capote manages to capture Perry Edward Smith as a whole person rather than a one sided killer. Though throughout the
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than teaching listening in the classroom. My learners‚ who are living and studying in Australia‚ often view understanding the news as a major achievement in their listening development. It is an authentic text that they have free‚ repeated access to on a daily basis. However‚ lower level learners often view news reports as something that is above their level and totally incomprehensible. My aim is to develop my teaching of strategies to help learners become more successful in understanding news
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teaching and other related concepts. The adult learner has strong desire to learn and know what they want in life although they may not be obligated to learn. These types of learners came from various background‚ educational background‚ ages‚ career‚ religion and life experiences but they all have one thing in common and that is their desire to learn. Adult learning is closely related to professional development with assumptions that adult learner need to know‚ need to learn self-concept‚ role
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Negotiating with Learners It is important at the start of any learning experience for learners to have a clear understanding of their prior knowledge‚ skills and current learning needs. To assist learners in taking ownership of their learning experiences‚ teachers can initiate negotiations with learners through the prior use of discussions and assessments to enable negotiations to take place through reflective discussions‚ resulting in establishing personalised learning agreements. As highlighted
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The Good Learner Good learners are good listeners precisely because the motivation to listen plays one of the most crucial roles throughout their learning process. Michael Nichols‚ PhD‚ once quoted in his book‚ The Lost Art of Listening‚ that “To listen is to pay attention‚ take an interest‚ care about‚ take to heart‚ validate‚ acknowledge‚ be moved and appreciate.” (p.14). When learners are motivated to pay attention and take interests‚ the desire for self-learning naturally take place. As their
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motivated‚ active learner? A self-directed learner is someone who is very independent in learning and does not fear to be self-disciplined in learning. He or she takes responsibility for their own learning. An intrinsically motivated learner is someone who participates in learning activities because of an inward satisfaction of contentment rather than the outward rewards. An intrinsic learner derives inner pleasure from learning. He or she is motivated internally. An active learner consciously engages
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