CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AND UTILITY MAXIMIZATION Consumers are assumed to be rational. Given his money income and the market prices of various commodities‚ he plans the spending of his income so as to attain the highest possible satisfaction. It is possible to measure the amount or level of satisfaction that individuals get from consuming a commodity or a bundle of goods using the concept of utility. Two approaches to the concept of utility (Cardinalists and Ordinalists approach) describe how utility can
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Profit maximization and competitive supply * Perfectly competitive markets(pasaran persaingan sempurna) Definisi: pasaran persaingan sempurna(pps) merupakan satu bentuk pasaran yang mengandungi ramai penjual dan ramai pembeli yang menjalankan urusniaga ke atas barang yang bersifat homogen(sama@hampir sama) pada satu tingkat harga yang telah ditetapkan dalam pasaran. Disebabkan sifat barang mereka yang homogeny‚ maka kereka tidak melakukan persaingan bukan harga.cth: iklan&kualiti produk
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Corporate Social Responsibility versus Profit Maximization Introduction Nowadays‚ many large multinational corporations which occupy increasing shares in the market and high statues in the society are usually powerful in having both positive and negative effects on the public to a great extent. As a consequence‚ today‚ the concept of Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) draws much more public attention. Social responsibility goes beyond profit making and social obligation. CSR is a business
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BACKGROUND OF STUDY The owner or shareholder of any business expect their investment to earn a return that reward is expected to be commensurate with the perceived riskiness of the investment. There are many alternative vehicles for the investment of capital‚ so a particular investment often be said to carry an opportunity cost. This is the difference between the actual return forgone from the alternative investment‚ olowe (1997) noted that the maximization of shareholders wealth is the most superior of all
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innovations (fertilizers and pesticides)‚ agronomic innovations (new management practices)‚ technological innovations (heating‚ cooling ‚ packaging) biotechnological innovations‚ and informational innovations that rely mainly on computer technologies.( D. Sunding and D. Zilberman‚ 2000). In this study technological innovation
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Lecture Notes on Short-Run Producer Theory and Profit Maximization Lalith Munasinghe Production Functions We begin with a few definitions. Firm: An organization that turns inputs into outputs. Production Function (PF): The mathematical relationship between inputs and outputs. The PF is a technical relationship that specifies how much output can be produced from any possible combination of inputs. Example: an automobile is an output made from a complex combination of a variety of inputs
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We will now examine the problem of determining price and output levels in alternative market structures. Market structures are categorized in terms of number of firms or the number of sellers present in the market and whether we are considering a homogeneous or differentiable commodity. We will consider four types of market structures: 1. Pure Competition 2. Pure Monopoly 3. Monopolistic Competition 4. Oligopoly Market classifications from the buyer’s angle are‚ 1. Pure Competition
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CHALLENGES FACING NIGERIAN DISCOUNT HOUSES IN THE MEDIUM TO LONG TERM ABSTRACT The paper traced the emergence of discount houses to the need for an institutional arrangement for the facilitation of the trading in short-term securities at both the primary and secondary segments of the money market. The British example was seen as the model with countries under the British influence including Ghana‚ Zimbabwe‚ and Nigeria adopting the system to deepen‚ the money market. The discount house operations
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“Apply the concepts of marginal utility theory‚ product differentiation‚ and revenue/profit maximization to some event in your personal‚ daily lives.” [1] Marginal Utility Concept Application From the three concepts at hand this is by far the easiest to exemplify. According to Sloman and Sutcliffe the concept of utility is directly related to that of satisfaction [2]. The satisfaction that one individual takes from consuming something is called utility. Now when we consider the utility concept
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Mill’s study of ethical action holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes overall "happiness" seems to be more logical‚ although we all will have our own opinions on morality. Morality can be just a matter of consequences and the act will be “right” or “wrong” according to its penalties or values. Morality is not just a matter of what a person says is right‚ or because the culture or people of the universe agree with you. As stated in the text‚ Mill’s criticism of Kant
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