Over the course of history‚ people have been awed by the power and complexity of the human behavior‚ but it wasn’t until the 19th century that psychology became a real science. At first‚ it was hard to determine how psychology would interpret human behavior and the wonders of the mind. Originally it was thought to be a part of philosophy. However‚ after years of research‚ some psychologists decided they did not want to be part of philosophical world and commit themselves to full scientific psychological
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Question 1. a. Develop an outline of the components of the human nervous system‚ inclusive of the CNS (central nervous system) the somatic system‚ and both divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Include in your outline the major distinctions among these systems. Human Nervous System – Overview The human nervous system is composed of all nerve tissues in the body. The functions of nerve tissue are to receive stimuli‚ transmit stimuli to nervous centers‚ and to initiate response
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The TheNervous NervousSystem System Prof. Melvin Carreon Physiological Psychology University of the East Anatomical Directions Rostral/Anterior – toward the head of a fourlegged animal Caudal/Posterior – toward the tail Inferior/Ventral – toward the belly Superior/Dorsal – toward the back Neuraxis – an imaginary line that runs the length of the spinal cord to the front of the brain Midline – an imaginary line dividing the body into two equal halves Ipsilateral – directional term
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Campbell’s AP Biology Notes Chapter 48: Nervous Systems Command and Control Center * The human brain contains an estimated 100 billion nerve cells‚ or neurons * Each neuron my communicate with thousands of other neurons * Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technology that can reconstruct a 3-D map of brain activity * The results of brain imaging and other research methods reveal that groups of neurons function in specialized circuits dedicated to different tasks
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Chapter 2 Outline The Biological Perspective Neuron A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell Dendrites Dendrites are treelike extensions at the beginning of a neuron that help increase the surface area of the cell body and are covered with synapses Soma The soma is the cell body of a neuron. Axon The Axon of a neuron is a singular fiber that carries information away from the soma to the synaptic sites of other neurons (dendrites and somas)‚ muscles‚ Glial
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Features * No structure visible on the surface of the brain except the inferior surface. * Inferior surface is the only area exposed to the surface in the intact brain. Extends from: * Anterior: Interventricular foramina * Posterior: Cerebral aqueduct Boundaries: * Superior: * Lateral ventricle * Corpus callosum * Septum pellucidum * Fornix * Lateral: * Caudate nucleus * Internal capsule of white matter * Medial: * 3rd ventricle cavity of diencephalon
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The brain Weighs 1300-1400g Made up of about 100 billion neurons The most complex living structure in the universe The cerebral hemispheres Are the two halves of the cerebral cortex Although they appear to be separated by a deep grove (the longitudinal fissure) they are actually connected by the corpus callosum They receive messages from and control the opposite side of the body The corpus callosum Is the strand or bridge of nerve tissue that connects the left and right hemispheres
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What is psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes Development of psychology as a science Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychology laboratory. Student of Wudnt ’s‚ E.B. Titchner named Wundt ’s approach structuralism. William James gave field an "American Stamp‚" invented functionalism Contemporary approaches to psychology Biological Approach (focus on the body) Neuroscience Behavioral Approach (behavioral responses and their environmental determinants) Psychodynamic
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and uppermost part of the brain • Divided into right and left cerebral hemisphere – Outer cerebral cortex – Inner cerebral medulla Cerebral Cortex •Your “thinking brain” •It’s convoluted (folded) to have more space •In general‚ the larger the cortex the more intelligent the species is…. Cerebral Cortex • Contains the cell bodies of neurons (gray matter) that control the voluntary activity of the body • The cortex is subdivided into 4 main lobe: – Frontal lobes (Control of muscle
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Biological Bases of Behavior Why study biology in a psychology class? “Everything psychological is simultaneously biological.” Every thought‚ behavior‚ emotion‚ perception‚ etc. is rooted in our biology‚ particularly our brain The brain is a “psychological organ” as well as a biological one Biological psychology: studies the link between our biology and our behaviors and mental processes a.k.a. biopsychology‚ neuroscience Starting small: The Neuron neuron: a nerve cell;
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