Anatomy of the Nervous System Structure of the Vertebrate Nervous System • Neuroanatomy is the anatomy of the nervous system. • Refers to the study of the various parts of the nervous system and their respective function(s). • The nervous system consists of many substructures‚ each comprised of many neurons. Structure of the Vertebrate Nervous System • Terms used to describe location when referring to the nervous system include: – Ventral: toward the stomach – Dorsal: toward the back –
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Chapter 2 Brain and Behavior The cerebral cortex outer layer of the cerebrum has the two largest hemispheres that covers the upper part of the brain which are divided into smaller portion called lobes. Corticalization is an increase in size of the wrinkling of the cortex and without this we would not be any smarter than any other animal. Cerebral hemispheres are divided into right and left halves of the cortex connected by thick band axon fibers called corpus. Hemispheric specialization‚ testing
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What adult brain structure does each secondary vesicle become? What are ventricles and what is their function? What percentage of the adult brain is made up by the cerebral hemispheres? Describe the following terms: • Gyri • Sulci • Fissures • Longitudinal fissure • Transverse cerebral fissure • Central sulcus • Pre/post central gyri • Lateral sulcus • Insula What are the lobes of the adult brain? Where is the “conscious
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consists of lobes separated by deep and distinct fissures * anterior and posterior lobe: govern subconscious aspects of skeletal muscle movements * flocculondular lobe: inferior surface contributes to equilibrium and balance * cerebellar cortex: gray matter in a series of slender‚ parallel folds called folia * arbor vitae: tracts of white matter that resemble branches of a tree * cerebellar nuclei: gray matter that give rise to axons carrying impulses from the cerebellum to other
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It begins where the spinal cord swells after entering the skull. It regulates all automatic survival roles‚ such as breathing and heartbeats. 2. Thalamus- The thalamus is the uppermost part of the brainstem. It directs information to the sensory cortex and provides feedback to the cerebellum and medulla. 3. Medulla- The foundation of the brainstem. It manages heartbeat and breathing. 4. Reticular formation- The nerve region travelling through the brainstem and thalamus. The network is responsible
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Each of these parts of the central core contributes to the life function of the human body. The cerebral cortex of the brain‚ the “new brain”‚ is the central processing center of the brain. In the cerebral cortex the brain processes motor‚ visual‚ auditory‚ and sensory functions. Like the central core the cerebral cortex is separated into different parts‚ these two parts are called the cerebral hemispheres. The corpus callosum acts as a bridge between each hemisphere. Each hemisphere has four
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LANGUAGE INTO AN AUDITORY CODE APHASIA- AN IMPAIRMENT OF LANGUAGE AS A RESULT OF DAMAGE TO ANY OF THE LANGUAGE AREAS ASSOCIATION AREAS- LOCATED THROUGHOUT THE CORTEX; INTEGRATE INFORMATION FROM MANYPARTS OF THE BRAIN; INVOLVED IN HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS‚ SUCH AS REMEMBERING‚ INTERPRETING EVENTS‚ AND MAKING JUDGMENTS AUDITORY CORTEX- LOCATED IN TEMPORAL LOVES; PROCESSES INFORMATION FROM THE EAR BRAINSTEM- THE OLDEST AND INNERMOST REGION OF THE BRAIN; IS AN EXTENSION OF THE SPINAL CORD; ITS
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The Biology of Mind Neuron Communication Neuron is a nerve cell‚ basic building block our nerve system Neurons consists in: Dendrites : neurons bushy branches and it listens Axons: Tube that passes the messages and it speaks – transmit Action potential : is a neural impulse‚ brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. Threshold: is the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse Myelin Sheath covers an axon and some neurons Synapse : is the junction
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Human Biology – Nervous System HUMAN PERSPECTIVES PAGES 70-76 p 79 Review Questions: 2-8 AYK: 2-5 2. The three structures that protect the Central Nervous System are Bone‚ Meninges and Cerebral Spinal Fluid. 3. Cerebrospinal fluid comes from the blood and circulates throughout the CNS before returning to the blood capillaries. CFS is a clear‚ watery fluid containing a few cells and some glucose‚ protein‚ urea and salts. Occupies the space between the middle and inner layer of the meninges. It
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|Substructures | |CEREBRAL CORTEX (Cerebrum) |Frontal Lobe |At the front most region of |Decision making |Paralysis |ADHD |Prefrontal cortex | | | |the cerebral cortex |Problem solving |Inability in social interactions |Schizophrenia |Premotor cortex | |
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