Post-Tensioned Slabs By Dr Stephen L Kajewski1 Abstract: Formwork and the associated shoring represent a significant proportion of the costs associated with the construction of multi-level concrete structures. To minimize these costs‚ a limited number of formwork and shoring sets are recycled up the structure as construction progresses‚ eliminating the need for a new set of formwork and shoring with each new slab. When a slab is post-tensioned using draped tendons‚ slab lift occurs as a portion of the
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organisational structure 1. Hierachial structure 2. Flat structure The main hieranchial structure has many layers of management and at times this can cause information to be lost or changed while passing to one person to another. This type of structure is like a wise based triangle and every person in it has a line manager who is responsible for the work done by him‚ this makes communication slow and getting things done takes a great deal of effort‚ modern companies use a flatter structure where
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Tertiary structure The shape of the tertiary structure is three dimensional due to the coils and pleats folding in on themselves when the protein is formed. The tertiary structure is held in place by lots of different types of bonds. A protein’s tertiary structure is vital to its function; one example would be when a hormone must fit a special type of hormone receptor of a target cell. When you heat a protein‚ the kinetic energy increase in the molecule. This causes the molecule to vibrate and
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Organization structure is defined as the way that an organization arranges its employees and management so that efficient work can be performed and it can meet its targeted goals.2 When an organization is small‚ a sole proprietorship or partnership where face-to-face communication is frequent‚ formal structure may not be necessary. In a larger organization such as a corporation or limited liability company‚ a more defined structure must be utilized‚ as decisions have to be made about the delegation
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THE IMPLICATIONS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE THEORY AND REGULATION FOR SOUTH AFRICAN BANKING INSTITUTIONS By WESLEY NAIDU Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER COMMERCII in FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SCIENCES In the FACULTY OF ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES At the UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA SUPERVISOR: Prof. JOHANNES HvH DE WET November 2011 -i- ABSTRACT The topic of capital structure has been one that has plagued the academic world for a number of years
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Introduction Capital structure (CS) is one of the most important aspects of the Financial Management of any organization. It aims is to identify and implement the best capital structure proportion possible that suits the organizations needs and objectives. An optimal Capital structure boosts the prosperity of the company in the long run and reduces the risk. CS is a mixture of a company ’s current and non current debt‚ common and preferred equity. It ’s the way a company finances its functions
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An organizational structure can be defined as a pattern of relationships of different component in an organization. Organization structure thus refers to the arrangement of relationships among different positions and people in an organization (HRM GUIDE 2009‚ Para. 2). Importance of organizational structure Organization structure gives authority and responsibility to individuals. It directs who is in charge of what and who is responsible for what outcome. The structure helps individuals to know
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COMPANY STRUCTURE Organizing structure is considered by many to be “the anatomy of the organization”‚ providing a foundation within which the organization functions”. There can be different kinds of organization structure‚ and firms can change their organization structure by becoming more or less centralized. Most organization have a hierarchical or pyramidal structure‚ with one person or a group of people at the top‚ and increasing number of people below them at each successive level. All
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right after their order is taken‚ hence explains the term fast food. McDonald’s has two structures at two different levels; the first is at the corporate level and the second‚ restaurant level. The corporate’s current design type is functional while the restaurant’s current design type is divisional. Image 1: McDonald’s Corporate Structure The image above illustrates a hierarchy in McDonald’s corporate structure. It consists of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) on top followed by the chairman of
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Organisation Structure An organizational structure defines how job tasks are formally divided‚ grouped‚ and coordinated. (Robbins and Judge 2001). Managers need to address six key elements when they design their organization’s structure: work specialization‚ departmentalization‚ chain of command‚ span of control‚ centralization and decentralization‚ and formalization. Work Specialization Describes the degree to which activities in the organization are subdivided into separate jobs. The essence
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