Original Theory: The technique of Systematic Desensitization was developed by Dr. Joseph Wolpe‚ after the result of a series of experiment‚ in which he made cats fearful of certain situations by applying repeated electrical shocks to them. He noted that the neurotic cats showed fearful behaviours and the inhibition of certain behaviours‚ like eating in the situations in which they had been shocked. He also noted that if such cats were induced to eat in situations that were somewhat like those in
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Through these studies‚ we have seen that IRT appears to be at least as effective as other treatment modalities and can be a viable option for clinicians helping clients reduce trauma-related nightmares (Casement & Swanson‚ 2012; Krakow et al.‚ 2001; Lu et al.‚ 2009; Seda et al.‚ 2015). Imagery Rehearsal Therapy is a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy intervention which several of the researchers sought to compare to other treatment modalities. Casement and Swanson (2009) compared the effects of IRT alone
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Fear and Anxiety A fear is composed of both operant and respondent behavior; typically a person becomes afraid of a particular stimulus or stimulus situation. When the stimulus is present‚ the person experiences unpleasant bodily responses and (autonomic nervous system arousal- respondent behavior) and engages in avoidance or escape behavior- operant behavior. A phobia is when the level of anxiety or escape behavior is severe enough to disrupt the person’s life. fears/phobias result of classical
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I‚ also‚ believe that desensitization because of overexposure to violence in the media could possibly have been a contributing factor in his decision to dye his hair red like the Joker and go on a shooting rampage. This type of desensitization could have even made his decision to kill seem all the more plausible for him‚ and the continual overexposure to violent social experiences
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It has become evident that the data provided by these two studies is convincing to the notion that violent media desensitizes people from the suffering of others. Desensitization is a major factor in stopping an individual who is encountered with a victim from helping said victim. The individual who is desensitized may be less likely to notice the victim‚ have a reduced perception of seriousness injury or emergency‚ and
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Before trying to determine whether desensitization to violence and video games are correlated in any way‚ we should mention first what is usually meant by ‘desensitization to violence’. Young people becoming desensitized to violence means that "they gradually come to not be aroused by violent scenes and to not be bothered by violence in general". The dominant argument in this respect is that because children perceive screen violence as play or spectacle‚ they somehow become "immune to the horror
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Discuss the relationship between violence in the media violence in the society. Does violence in the media make people more tolerant of violence in the society? Also‚ does violence in the media cause people to behave violently? The impact of violence in the media relating to the society is an intense topic discussed in this century. Gerbner defined violence as “a threat or use of physical force‚ directed against the self or others in which physical harm or death is involved” (cited in Giddens
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In today’s Western Culture‚ marriage has come to mean many different things. “The ways in which we refer to marriage‚ and especially the terms we favor‚ reflect our views of it” (Grün‚ 2006‚ p. 163). Since the turn of the century‚ divorce rates have been higher than ever before and many individuals wonder why. It is estimated that roughly 50% of the marriages in the United States result in divorce. Society has created this do-over mentality that gives many people an “easy out” for their decisions
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Desensitization may be a plausible mechanism for heightened aggression. Yet‚ no previous research has examined whether desensitization explains the association between game exposure and aggression. For this reason‚ Engelhardt‚ Bartholow‚ Kerr‚ Bushman (2011) examined this association through an empirical experiment. After participants played a violent or a non-violent game‚ acute desensitization was examined using the amplitude of the P300 component of the event-related brain potential elicited by
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seek treatment (Brown et al. 2001b). Because specific phobias are rarely the focus of clinical attention‚ there is a common—though in many cases mistaken—perception that specific phobias are straightforward and uncomplicated. In addition‚ because the fear associated with specific phobias is typically limited to the phobic stimuli and rarely associated with pervasive anxiety outside of the phobic situation‚ some believe that specific phobias are necessarily less severe than other anxiety disorders. The
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