1. SURFACE RUNOFF INTRODUCTION: Runoff means the draining or flowing off of precipitation from a catchment area through a surface channel enters into a stream channel. It is convenient to visualize three main routes of travel; overland flow (air hujan limpahanpermukaan)‚ interflow‚ and ground water flow (air dari punca bawah tanah). 1 Runoff results from rainfall occurrence in a hydrologic catchment. Rainfall-runoff relations are Interflow/subsurface and base flow/groundwater flow
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rebuild. Figure 1 is the view of Padungan area. Figure 1: Sky view of Padungan area (location map obtained from google maps) Physical development encourages more paved roads‚ retarding the process of water dissipation which results in accumulation of runoff water; endangering road users and when the situation worsens‚ flooding throughout the area is bound to occur. There are various ways to overcome the
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10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE EXAMPLE 6.1 Sketching a Surface © The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 1 10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE EXAMPLE 6.1 Sketching a Surface Solution Since there are no x’s in the equation‚ the trace of the graph in the plane x = k is the same for every k. This is then a cylinder whose trace in every plane parallel to the yz-plane is the parabola z = y2. © The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. Permission required for
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Surface Tension of Liquids Karen Mae L. Fernan Department of Chemistry‚ Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan‚ Philippines Date performed: Nov. 22‚ 2012 ∙ Date Submitted: January 16‚ 2013 E-mail: fernankarenmae26@yahoo.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract Surface tension is defined as the energy or work required to increase the surface area of a liquid due to intermolecular forces
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Capillary rise) Synopsis This project report explains about the surface tension and capillarity of liquid through a simple experiment of finding the capillarity of various detergents. Oil stains and grease on dirty clothes cannot be removed‚ using water alone‚ because water does not wet them. If detergents added ‚ surface tension is decreased‚ the area of contact is increased. Detergent molecules have the shape of a hairpin‚ one of which is
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The first step in the erosion process begins as raindrops impact the soil surface. Raindrops typically fall with a velocity of 20-30 feet per second. The energy of these impacts are sufficient to displace soil particles as high as two feet vertically. In addition‚ the impact of a rainfall on a bare soil can compact the upper layer of soil‚ creating a hard crust that inhibits plant establishment. Sheet erosion occurs as runoff travels over the ground‚ picking up and transporting the particles dislodged
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physically based model developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)‚ operates at a daily time step. This model has been developed on a physical‚ semi-distributive‚ scale-basin basis for continuous time and with emphasis on soil surface processes. SWAT’s sub-watersheds are divided into hydrological response units (HRUs) that have unique combinations of slope‚ land use‚ and soil type within the sub-basin and form the basic land segment for computing flow and transport. The spatial
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basis. Watersheds have an infinite variety of shapes‚ and the shape supposedly reflects the way that runoff will “bunch up” at the outlet. A circular watershed would result in runoff from various parts of the watershed reaching the outlet at the same time. An elliptical watershed having the outlet at one end of the major axis and having the same area as the circular watershed would cause the runoff to be spread out over time‚ thus producing a smaller flood peak than that of the circular watershed
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will result in less surface runoff‚ thus a lower volume of water. Less permeable rocks will then have more surface runoff‚ thus a higher volume of water. Vegetation on land such as trees and plants also affects the volume of water‚ as vegetation intercepts rain. The upper course usually has more vegetation‚ while the lower courses have less vegetation intercepting precipitation. Sparse vegetation results in less water infiltrating the ground‚ thus there will be more surface runoff‚ resulting in a
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Find the Right Location 1. Observe the flow of water from rooftops‚ driveways‚ or other hard surfaces and place the rain garden where the water collects. 2. Select an area on marginally sloping or flat land. 3. Calculate the slope of your lawn (continued below). 4. Pick a spot that has full to partial sun if possible. 5. Place the rain garden at least 10’ away from a building/housing structure. 6. Call 811 or 1-800-522-6543 for OKIE811‚ the Oklahoma Company for damage prevention information before
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