CHAPTER 3 Response surface methodology 3.1 Introduction Response surface methodology (RSM) is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building. By careful design of experiments‚ the objective is to optimize a response (output variable) which is influenced by several independent variables (input variables). An experiment is a series of tests‚ called runs‚ in which changes are made in the input variables in order to identify the reasons for changes in
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Question 1 Surface level diversity Surface level diversity are those differences that are easily noticeable such as age‚ gender‚ ethnicity/race‚ culture‚ language‚ disability etc. Surface level diversity is easy to be measured and managers/recruiters can fall into the wrong practice of discrimination based on these factors. For example‚ thinking that performance degrades with age‚ they might prefer younger workforce. Surface level diversity is often difficult to change. For e.g. racial differences
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Root Surface Caries Caries can affect any surface of the teeth. The most commonly seen caries are found on the crown of a tooth‚ above the cemento-enamel junction‚ it is also possible for caries to form on the root surface‚ below the cemento-enamel junction. Dental root caries has received a great deal of attention in the past few decades. A variety of different patients are at risk for root surface caries. Dentists use several methods of treatment. Root surface caries are also called cemental
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Graphs‚ Groups and Surfaces 1 Introduction In this paper‚ we will discuss the interactions among graphs‚ groups and surfaces. For any given graph‚ we know that there is an automorphism group associated with it. On the other hand‚ for any group‚ we could associate with it a graph representation‚ namely a Cayley graph of presentations of the group. We will first describe such a correspondence. Also‚ a graph is always embeddable in some surface. So we will then focus on properties of graphs
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CFD SIMULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER IN SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER KHAIRUN HASMADI OTHMAN A t hesis submitted in fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor in Che mical Engineering (Gas Technology) Faculty of Che mical and Natural Resources Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang APRIL 2009 i ABSTRACT Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) is a useful tool in solving and analyzing problems that involve fluid flows‚ while shell and tube heat exchanger is the most common
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HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER REPORT ON TRANSIENT HEAT CONDUCTION Submitted by CDT ARSHAD ALI CDT NIKHIL BHATIA Submitted to Associate Proffessor Pradeep Kumar Singh Indian Naval Academy Knowledge Begets immortality Certificate This is to certify that this project report entitiled “TRANSIENT HEAT CONDUCTION” by CDT ARSHAD ALI and CDT NIKHIL BHATIA during the academic year 2010-2014‚ is a bonafide record of work carried out under my guidance
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1. INTRODUCTION An engine is a device which transforms one form of energy into another form. Most of the engines convert thermal engine to mechanical work and therefore they are called heat engine. Heat engine can be broadly classified into two types. i. Internal combustion engine ii. External combustion engine 1.1 CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE:- This type of engine is again classified into two types. i. Rotary ii. Reciprocating The reciprocating engine is a highly complex
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Heat of Neutralization: Lab Report In part A of this lab I determined the heat capacity of a calorimeter made out of two Styrofoam cups nesting together with a cardboard top containing a hole in the middle. First I placed 50 mL of water in the calorimeter‚ waited five minutes for the water to reach equilibrium‚ and used the computer’s temperature instrument to record the final temperature of the system. Next I heated 50 mL of water in a 250 mL beaker until the water reached 43.1 C (approximately
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overall heat transfer coefficient on the outer surface of the covered pipe is 10 W/m2.K. if the velocity of the steam is 10 m/s‚ at what point along the pipe will the steam begin condensing and what distance will be required for the steam to reach a mean temperature of 100 oC? Question 2: Consider a horizontal‚ thin walled circular tube of diameter D = 0.025 m submerge in a container of n-octadecane (paraffin)‚ which is used to store thermal energy. As hot water flows through the tube‚ heat is
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ABSTRACT The aim of this experiment is to study the friction loss along a pipe. In this experiment‚ water and mercury have been used to demonstrate the law of resistance with different types of flow which are laminar and turbulent flow. The variation of head loss will be obtained and hence determined the Reynold numbers and friction factor. In the end of the experiment‚ the law of resistance which is the relationship between i and u will be determined and hence established the critical R and friction
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