Lab 6: Amphibian Muscle Contraction Results: For this experiment‚ Isometric contractions of the gastrocnemius muscle of a frog were analyzed and from this data the latent period‚ twitch‚ motor unit summation‚ tetanus‚ fatigue & mechanical summation were measured. The data was used to quantify the effect of passive tension on the twitch force‚ effect of stimulus intensity on the twitch force‚ effect of stimulus frequency on contractile force of xenopus gastrocnemius muscle. The threshold voltage
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Computer Simulation Exercise 16B - Page PEx-23 Activity Sheet Objectives: • Use a simulation of skeletal muscle experiments to investigate threshold stimulus‚ maximal stimulus‚ multiple motor unit summation‚ wave summation and tetanus and the graded contraction. • Develop and test hypotheses related to muscle contraction. • Practice graphing data from an experiment. • Practice interpreting a graph and drawing conclusions from data.
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ringer’s solution . 3. Perform the ff. experiments: a. Simple twitch – single shock b. Summation – 2 quick shocks at maximum stimulation c. Treppe or Staircase effect – 5 shocks with increasing intensity and speed. d. Tetanus – repeated shocks with increasing intensity and speed until the muscle no longer responds. Ringer’s sol’n Gastrocnemius electrode Results A. Actual B. Ideal 1 - Summation 2 - Treppe 3 - Tetanus 4 - Twitch Discussion • Single twitch – comprised of the
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employee’s assessment of his satisfaction with the job is thus a complex summation of many discrete elements. How‚ then‚ do we measure it? Two approaches are popular. The single global rating is a response to one question‚ such as “All things considered‚ how satisfied are you with your job?” Respondents circle a number between 1 and 5 on a scale from “highly satisfied” to “highly dissatisfied.” The second method‚ the summation of job facets‚ is more sophisticated. It identifies key elements in
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filament for cross-bridge attachments. 7. In Activity 5‚ what was the effect of increasing the frequency of stimulation? Increase frequency of stimuli result in increased muscle tension. 8. Compare and contrast wave summation with recruitment (multiple motor unit summation). How are they similar? How was each achieved in the simulation? They
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important phenomenon for athletes to understand? B. Physiologically‚ what causes treppe to occur? Exercise 3: Wave Summation (Temporal Summation) Data Table 3: Wave Summation Time (milliseconds) Tension (kilogram-force) 0 0 3 5 5 3 7 8 9 5 11 13 13 9 15 20 17 15 19 25 21 0 Questions: A. Explain why wave summation occurs. B. Can summation go on infinitely? Why or why not? Exercise 4: Tetanus Data Table 4A: Incomplete Tetanus Data Table 4B: Complete
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reaches the neuromuscular junction. Stimulation of the muscle and the sciatic nerve allows for recording and measuring of these properties. We observed twitch recruitment of the nerve and muscle length-tension relationship of the skeletal muscle‚ summation of skeletal muscle contractions‚ tetanus‚ skeletal muscle fatigue‚ and the effects of temperature on skeletal muscle contractions. Since motor neutrons
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muscle contraction Introduction For a skeletal muscle fiber to contract‚ a stimulus must be applied to it. The stimulus is delivered by a nerve cell‚ or neuron. A neuron has a threadlike process called and axon that my run 91 cm or more to a muscle. A bundle of such fibers from man different neurons composes a nerve. A neuron that stimulates muscle tissue is called a motor neuron. The motor neuron branches into terminal structures called telodendria that come into close approximation with
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change because the cardiacs long refractory period prevents summation. | Why is it only possible to induce an extrasystole during relaxation? | the extrasystole can not occur until relaxation and so we could not achieve wave summation tetanus | Explain why wave summation and tetanus are not possible in cardiac muscle tissue. | Cardiac cells have longer APs and twitches than any other muscle cells‚therefore they do not show temporal summation | explain the effect that extreme vagal stimulation had
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skeletal muscle is a function of the number of muscle fibers stimulated and the frequency of the stimulus. Define and explain the physiological basis of the following: - subminimal‚ minimal‚ maximal‚ supramaximal stimuli; - latent period; - wave summation; - tetanus; - muscle fatigue. Explain the effect of load on skeletal muscle. SAFETY: Students handling the frog must wear gloves. At the end of the lab: - discard the frogs
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