posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In order to conceptualize her case‚ two theoretical models were used to explain the development and maintenance of her posttraumatic stress symptoms. These theoretical models have been recognized as Mowrer’s (1947) two-factor theory‚ and Ehlers and Clark’s (2000) cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Mowrer’s Two-Factor Theory Orval Hobart Mowrer’s (1947) two-factor theory has "combined both classical and operant process to provide an explanation"
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Summarise two recognized learning theories and explain their relevance to forest school. A learning theory can be defined as being a set of concepts which attempt to describe how people learn and develop (Dunn‚ 2000). Behaviourism. This theory takes an objective approach to observing quantifiable events and behaviour and has a focus on measurable outcomes. Watson (1878-1958) suggested that our learning and behaviour are controlled by the experiences we are exposed to and our response to them
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Macbeth: A Tale of Two Theories Macbeth(c.1607)‚ written by William Shakespeare‚ is the tragic tale of Macbeth‚ a virtuous man‚ corrupted by power and greed. This tragedy could in fact be called "A Tale of Two Theories". One theory suggests that the tragic hero‚ Macbeth‚ is led down an unescapable road of doom by an outside force‚ namely fate in the form of the three witches. The second suggests that there is no supernatural force working against Macbeth‚ which therefore makes him responsible
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Explain and critically discuss TWO of the classical theories of work. In your critical analysis comment on the relevance of the theories to today’s society (1‚000 to 1‚500 words) Introduction Between the mid-19th and early 20th century‚ Europe was passing through one of the most crucial periods of its time‚ the transition between the pre-industrial society and the industrial society‚ also known as the Industrial Revolution. This‚ together with the French Revolution at the end of the 18th century
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In1959‚ Frederick Herzberg‚ a behavioural scientist proposed a two-factor theory or the motivator-hygiene theory. According to Herzberg‚ there are some job factors that result in satisfaction while there are other job factors that prevent dissatisfaction. According to Herzberg‚ the opposite of “Satisfaction” is “No satisfaction” and the opposite of “Dissatisfaction” is “No Dissatisfaction”. Herzberg classified these job factors into two categories- a. Hygiene factors- Hygiene factors are those
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or to strengthen a desirable behavior‚ the two important factors that are necessary during the modification of the behavioral process are repetition and consistency. Individuals are made up of many behaviors‚ some that they are content with and others that they are not so fond of. My
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The disengagement theory of ageing Social scientists Elaine Cumming and William Henry outlined the disengagement theory of aging in 1961. The disengagement theory discusses the processes of aging‚ it states that as people get into later adulthood they could experience stages of loneliness and become withdrawn from society‚ for example friends and family. This theory suggests that this process is a natural part of growing old. One part of the theory states that people expect or know that they are
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explain the application of Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence to the Malaysian school system‚ how its application can influence some students to perform better than others‚ and to also identify what recommendations can be made to change or improve the current system. Gardner’s theory proposed that intelligence shouldn’t be measured and restricted to just one’s ability to pass conventional Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.) tests‚ but rather that intelligence comprises of at-least eight independent
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of intelligence is the best known compromise between the singular intelligence theory and the multiple intelligences theory. This model of intelligence proposes that there is a ‘g factor’ or general intelligence factor which was taken from Carroll’s original model. In the CHC model the general intelligence factor is made up of many different cognitive abilities. The piece that was taken from the Cattell&Horn model was the idea that there are two main types of intelligence: fluid intelligence and
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Summary of A Rounded Version: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences In A Rounded Version: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences‚ Howard Gardner introduces the idea of seven different intelligences‚ combating the idea of contemporary intelligence. Gardner defines the contemporary view of intelligence as‚ an individual ’s intelligence test score based on his or her age with no regard to experience or training. In his words‚ "It is an inborn attribute or faculty of the individual." Gardner defines
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