add to this disastrous situation‚ there was an increase in salinization of soil. The earth was believed to turn white‚ by 2000 B.C.E. The center of Mesopotamian civilization was forced to shift to the north‚ because of this ecological deterioration. Sumer‚ located in southern Mesopotamia‚ involved a complex and artificial network of canals and dikes‚ which led to the salinization of soil. Egypt‚ however‚ created a more sustainable agricultural system‚ which responded in the continuation of this civilization
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Alex Hummel World Civilization 1 Midterm Paper Civilization is a word that cannot be used too loosely. How then‚ is civilization defined? It is difficult to define in one word or phrase because a complex society or “civilization” depends on many different aspects. There are characteristics of a civilization that are more essential than others‚ some of which may be more important to one group than to another. However‚ a definition for civilization can be narrowed down to a few fundamental
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Chapter One Notes Before Civilization (Circa Lorraine) Culture: constituted by learned patterns of action and expression FOOD GATHERING AND STONE TECHNOLOGY Stone tool-making first appeared around 2 million years ago Stone Age Lasted from 2 million to about 4‚000 years ago Misleading label: bone‚ skin and wood just survive poorly Paleolithic = Old Stone Age Neolithic = New Stone Age Foundations of science‚ art‚ and religion begin here May have believed in afterlife In game-rich areas
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Writing originally was invented independently in three separate countries including the cuneiform writing system in Mesopotamia which was first introduced at around 3200 BC in southern Mesopotamia (Houston‚ 3). To be specific‚ the system was created during the Uruk period‚ which “is characterized by strong urbanization and increased societal complexity” (Houston‚ 4). During this period‚ there was an increase in the population‚ advanced irrigation of land and cultural growth (Beaulieu‚ Unit 2). “The
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being prevalent in the society occurs in the beginning of the book. Enkidu is living in the wild and the city sends a prostitute out into the wild to bring Enkidu into civilization. The Sumerians believed women have a calming effect on the men of Sumer. They believed women had the ability to use their gentle nature and their sexual ways to create a balance for the masculinity of Sumerian men. This balance is reflected by two groups that were believed to have made up the early Sumerian people; the
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City-States vs. Empires The first civilizations emerged thousands of years ago in a region in the Middle East called Mesopotamia. Around 4000 B.C.E‚ a group called the Sumerians invaded Mesopotamia and organized their civilization‚ Sumer‚ into many city-states. A city-state is a self-governing state that consists of a city and its surrounding territory. Some Sumerian city-states include Kish‚ Uruk‚ Lagash‚ and Ur. In these city-states‚ the Sumerians would develop a sense of culture and create
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Cornell Note Taking Template Key Words: Notes: Nile river Longest river in world. Supplied life-giving water for the Egyptians civilization. Had an annual cycle of moth long flooding. Hard for farmers but then solved by irrigation and pre- harvesting. Steps toward civilization. Hunter-gatherer groups moved in and formed farming settlements. Neolithic culture developed in 6000 BC Mined
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Akkadians 2340 B.C. 1st empire of the world Military of 5‚400 men Mesopotamia + lands W of Mediterranean Sargon’s grandson: Naram-Sin 2260 B.C.-2223 B.C. Declared himself a god Akkadian empire fell by 2150 B.C. Hammurabi: king from Babylon 1792 B.C. Sumer + Akkad = new
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GILGAMESH By MET The myth known today as The Epic of Gilgamesh was considered in ancient times to be one of the great masterpieces of cuneiform literature. Copies of parts of the story have been found in Israel‚ Syria‚ and Turkey and references to the hero are attested in Greek and Roman literature. The tale revolves around a legendary hero named Gilgamesh (Bilgames in Sumerian)‚ who was said to be the king of the Sumerian city of Uruk. His father is identified as Lugalbanda‚ king of Uruk
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What are the most important difference (art‚ science‚ religion) between people’s lives in large agricultural settlements such as çatal hüyük Jericho and Mesopotamia (manufactured trade) and Egypt (military)? In the Economic (environmental) organization- farming‚ irrigation‚ domestication Political and Social Organization-stratification and gender inequality‚ warfare‚ hierarchy People’s system of Ideas-writing‚ math‚ ethical codes‚ arts‚ religion http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/HIST101-1
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