quantity of solid dissolved in solution. It may also be used to calculate the molar mass of an unknown acid or base. Purpose: I. Prepare a standard solution of sodium hydroxide II. Standardize a sodium hydroxide solution by using potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) III. When given whether the acid is monoprotic‚ diprotic‚ or triprotic ‚ determine the molar mass of the unknown organic acid. IV. Calculate the Molarity of the Soft drink. Materials: * 50 mL Buret * Beaker
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Acid Rain Within this past century‚ acidity of the air and acid rain have become recognized as one of the leading threats to our planet’s environment. No longer limited by geographic boundaries‚ acid causing emissions are causing problems all over the world. Some laws have been passed which limit the amount of pollutants that are released into the air‚ but tougher legislation must be implemented before this problem can be overcome. Acid rain is produced‚ when automobiles‚ smelters‚ power
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Titration Lab How Much Citric Acid is in Your Soda? PURPOSE To determine the molarity (concentration) of citric acid (H3C6H5O7) in various different citrus flavored sodas. BACKGROUND PRINCIPLES Popular sodas all strive for a somewhat sour (’tart’) flavor and manufacturers utilize acids to impart this taste. While there are a vast variety of different brands of sodas on the market‚ they can be broken into two main categories: dark or clear. This differentiation is not only a simple color
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Sulfination is the introduction of sulfonic acid into an organic compound. The usual sulfinating agent or sulficant is concentrated sulfuric acid but‚ sulfurtrioxide‚ chlorosulfonic acid‚ metallic sulfates‚ and sulfamic acid are also occasionally used. The name sulficants comes from these molecules moving to the surface of a liquid or to an interface between two liquids and changing the properties of the surface. However‚ the nature and properties of sulfuric acid‚ makes it desirable to use it for nucleophilic
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Synthesis of Salicylic Acid Experimental Data: 1. Mass of methyl salicylate used: 0.232 g 2. Theoretical yield of salicylic acid: 0.211 g 3. Volume H2SO4 added‚ with units (drops or mL): 3mL 4. Mass of crude salicylic acid obtained: 0.250 g 5. Volume of water used as recrystallizing solvent: 2 mL 6. Mass of purified salicylic acid: 0.134 g 7. Percent yield of purified salicylic acid from reaction: 63.5% 8. Melting point of purified product: 158-160 oC 9. Name of NMR solvent used and
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benzoate and nitric acid‚ under the catalysis of concentrated sulfuric acid. The reaction between nitric acid and sulfuric acid resulted in the formation of nitronium ion NO2+. It then acted as strong electrophile that nitrated the benzene ring. After that‚ vacuum filtration and recrystallization were methods used to obtain the final product with minimal impurities. The mass of product
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Experiment Acids‚ Bases‚ and Neutrals Problem Are common house-hold products pH balanced and neutral? Information Gathered pH measures how acidic or alkaline a solution is. The pH scale ranges from 0-14. Solutions that range from 0-6 are considered to be acidic. Solutions that are on the acidic end of the scale are low in pH‚ high in hydrogen ion‚ and low in hydroxyl ions. An acid has a sour taste‚ hence‚ will react to metal and will be corrosive; therefore‚ they are considered as an electrolyte
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analyze data and draw a conclusion. In this experiment I will find out that in a type of water the Alka-Seltzer will dissolve faster and slower. Alka-Seltzer is one of the world’s best known antacids. Its main function is to absorb excess stomach acid. II. MATERIALS: * Tap Water - Warm Water * Cold Water - Salt Water * Acidic Water -5 cups (250 mL of water in each cup) * A whole Alka-Seltzer tablet III. HYPOTHESIS: My hypothesis is that the Alka-Seltzer tablet
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Experiment 6 Preparation and reactions of boric acid Objectives: To prepare boric acid from sodium tetraborate (borax) To carry out tests on the prepared sample of boric acid To study the physical and chemical properties of boric acid Introduction: Boron is an element in the p-block of the periodic table. It has the electron configuration of 1s22s22p1 and is in group 3 or goup 13 (IUPAC classification). In nature‚ it consists of two isotopes 10B (19.6%) and 11B (80.4%). Boron is bonded
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A carboxylic acid is an organic acid characterized by the presence of at least one carboxyl group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-COOH‚ where R is some monovalent functional group. A carboxyl group (or carboxy) is a functional group consisting of a carbonyl (RR’C=O) and a hydroxyl (R-O-H)‚ which has the formula -C(=O)OH‚ usually written as -COOH or -CO2H. Carboxylic acids are Brønsted-Lowry acids because they are proton (H+) donors. They are the most common type of organic acid. Among
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