Exercise No. 8 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ACID DERIVATIVES I. OBJECTIVES: • To investigate the physical and chemical properties of Carboxylic acid and its derivatives • To understand the reactions of carboxylic compounds and derivatives. II. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Solubility of Carboxylic acids in 10% NaHCO¬3 Acetic acid - formation of bubbles Benzoic acid - formation of bubbles Test for Acetic acid NaOH + Acetic acid - blue litmus paper turned red NaOH + Acetic acid + FeCl3 - red colored
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Formic acid is known to be the simplest carboxylic acid‚ and it is an important factor in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally. The chemical formula for Formic Acid is CH202‚ and is mostly found in the venom of bee and ant stings. Formic acid is clear and colorless with a pungent odor. Formic acid is used in many ways; Formic acid is used to preserve livestock. It is also sprayed on animal food and fresh hay to reduce the decay rate. It can also be used as a pesticide to protect bee
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Name of the chemical compound | Formula | 1 | Acetic acid formula | CH3COOH | 2 | Hydrochloric acid formula | HCl | 3 | Sulfuric acid formula | H2SO4 | 4 | Acetate formula | CH3COO- | 5 | Ammonia formula | NH3 | 6 | Nitric acid formula | HNO3 | 7 | Phosphoric acid formula | H3PO4 | 8 | Sodium phosphate formula | Na3PO4 | 9 | Calcium carbonate formula | CaCO3 | 10 | Ammonium sulfate formula | (NH4)2SO4 | 11 | Carbonic acid formula | H2CO3 | 12 | Sodium bicarbonate formula |
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Amino Acids Glycine is the smallest of the amino acids. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. In aqueous solution at or near neutral pH‚ glycine will exist predominantly as the zwitterion. Alanine is a hydrophobic molecule. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. The α carbon of alanine is optically active; in proteins‚ only the L-isomer is found. Serine differs from alanine in that one of the methylenic
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noticed solid blue crystals begin to form almost immediately‚ thus presenting a precipitate (s) and the compound Copper Hydroxide(s)—Cu(OH)2. For the third reaction‚ 90 drops of H2SO4 from the pipet was introduced to the Copper Hydroxide(s) to create an acid/base neutral reaction to form Copper Sulfate(aq)—CuSO4(aq). Fourthly‚ lab group 6 slowly added granules of Zinc (Zn) to the Copper Sulfate until the reduction method took place and therefore produced metallic copper(s) within the beaker. The excess
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Reaction 1‚ we start with 0.503 g copper metal that dissolves in 5.0 mL of concentrated nitric acid. This is an example of redox as a transfer of electrons is occurring. The second part of the reaction allows the nitrate ion to oxidize the copper. Reaction two‚ while stirring 20 mL of 6.0 M NaOH was added to the flask. Hydroxide ion binds to the
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substitution reactions are irreversible but sulfonation is an exception. Treatment of benzene with "oleum" (a solution of SO3 in concentrated sulfuric acid) will give the sulfonic acid‚ the electrophilic species being sulfur trioxide which is Lewis acidic. Fig – 1 Sulphonation : Benzene equation The sulfonic acid can be converted back by treatment with hot aqueous acid. The reason for this reversibility is the fact that the Wheland intermediate is overall neutral and therefore more stable than other‚ positively
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fine particles and gaseous substances into land and may enter various nutrient cycles and food chains through water and soil. Other contaminants react chemically and photo chemically with each other and produce secondary pollutants as oxygen and sulfuric acid. Aerosols and other nuclei and return to the earth as rainfall. * Implications/Effects: Air pollution is responsible for major health effects. Every year‚ the health of countless people is ruined or endangered by air pollution. Many different
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p-aminobenzoic acid Experimental P-aminobenzoic acid (1.211g) and absolute ethanol (15mls) were combined with three boiling chips in a 50ml round bottom flask. The round bottom flask was placed on a heating plate and was refluxed starting at 109 ̊C. The solution began boiling at 111 ̊C. It was allowed to reflux for approximately 30 minutes and the solid was dissolved. The round bottom flask was then placed in an ice bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. Concentrated 18 M sulfuric acid
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CARBOXYLIC ACID Introduction: Organic compounds containing (–C(O)–OH) as a functional group are called carboxylic acids. The –C (O)-OH group which itself is made up of a carbonyl group (>C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) is called a carboxyl group (carb from carbonyl and oxyl from hydroxyl group). Carboxylic acid may be an aliphatic or an aromatic depending upon whether –C–OH is attached to an alkyl group ( or a hydrogen atom) or an aryl group. Their general formulas are; ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID: R–C
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