SHEET EXERCISE 2 Skeletal Muscle Physiology NAME: Jasmine Young LAB TIME/DATE: 1. Define each of the following terms: • motor unit - A motor unit consists of a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates. • twitch - Skeletal Muscle twitch is the mechanical response to a single action potential. It has three phases known as the latent‚ contraction‚ and relaxation phase. • threshold - the threshold is the minimal stimulus needed to cause a depolarization of the muscle plasma membrane (sarcolemma
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I. Types of Muscles a. Skeletal i. Striated ii. Uses intracellular calcium to contact iii. Big cylindrical cells iv. Multi-nucleated v. Voluntary vi. Location: attached to the bone vii. Used for locomotion b. Cardiac i. Involuntary ii. Uni-nucleated iii. Striated iv. Location: walls of heart v. Used to propel blood vi. Uses extracellular calcium c. Smooth i. Involuntary ii. Location: Walls of hallow organs iii. Non-striated iv. Uses extracellular calcium v. Spindle shaped cells
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Muscles are responsible for all conscious and unconscious movement. It is how we move and react to an environment. There are three types of muscles in the body include the skeletal muscle‚ smooth muscle‚ and the cardiac muscle. Whether you are running‚ walking‚ breathing‚ eating‚ sleeping‚ or typing it all involves some sort of muscle action. Muscle cells that shape‚ form‚ and outline the whole human skeleton is called a muscle fibers. There are two types of muscle fibers: Type I (slow-twitching
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Frog Skeletal Muscle The aim of this experiment is to explore the basic physiological principles of skeletal muscle using the isolated frog (Rana pipiens or Xenopus laevis) gastrocnemius muscle. Students will dissect a double-pithed frog. Then‚ they will connect the muscle to the Force Transducer to measure twitch recruitment‚ effect of stretch‚ muscle summation‚ muscle tetanus‚ and muscle fatigue. Written by staff of ADInstruments. Experiment Contents 1. Instructor’s Reference (this
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Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle and Muscle Physiology Lab 9 Skeleton Muscle Physiology: Computer Simulation Exercise 16B - Page PEx-23 Activity Sheet Objectives: • Use a simulation of skeletal muscle experiments to investigate threshold stimulus‚ maximal stimulus‚ multiple motor unit summation‚ wave summation and tetanus and the graded contraction. • Develop and test hypotheses related to muscle contraction. •
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Experiment 2: Skeletal Muscle ABSTRACT Frog skeletal muscle is used as an animal model to study muscle contraction. The objectives of this experiment is to demonstrate the physiological responses of skeletal muscle to electrical stimuli using frog gastrocnemius‚ to understand twitch‚ summation‚ tetanus and fatigue‚ to investigate the relationship between initial tension and force of contraction‚ to explore the differences between human and frog skeletal muscle. The threshold voltage is 0.4V. The
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What is the voltage beyond which there were no further increases in active force? Maximal voltage: 8.5 V 4. Why is there a maximal voltage? What has happened to the muscle at this voltage? 5. An individual muscle fiber follows the all-or-none principle—it will either contract 100% or not at all. Does the muscle we are working with exhibit the all-or-none principle? Why or why not? Yes be Multiple Stimulus Activity 4: Treppe 1. What do you observe? The Trace rise and fall
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Lab 4: Skeletal Muscle Function Exercise 5: The Length-Tension Relationship Materials and Methods In this experiment I used a frog anesthetized with ms222. The frog’s skin is cut and removed from both the legs‚ the Achilles tendon is cut and the tendon and calf muscle are removed from the lower legs. The femur muscle is also cut. Attached to the legs are femur clamps which are connected to the transducer arm‚ stimulation electrodes are then positioned against the muscle. I plugged the output
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EXERCISE 2: Skeletal Muscle Physiology Student Name: ___________________________ Student ID#: _____________________ Student instructions: Follow the step-by-step instructions for this exercise found in your lab manual and record your answers in the spaces below. Submit this completed document by the assignment due date found in the Syllabus. Rename this document to include your first and last name prior to submitting‚ e.g. Exercise2_JohnSmith.doc. Please make sure that your answers
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Skeletal Muscle Physiology Activity 1 1. Skeletal muscle fiber- long‚ cylindrical cell with multiple oval nuclei arranged just beneath the sarcolemma Motor unit- all of the muscle cells controlled by a single motor neuron Skeletal muscle twitch- a single stimulus-contraction-relaxation cycle in a skeletal muscle Electrical stimulus- uses an electrical current to cause a single muscle or a group of muscles to contract Latent period- the time between the stimulation of a muscle and the start
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