2012. The private and public economics of renewable electricity generation. J. Econ. Perspect. 26 (1)‚ 67–92. Braun‚ F.G.‚ Schmidt-Ehmcke‚ J.‚ Zloczysti‚ P.‚ 2010. Innovative activity in wind and solar technology: empirical evidence on knowledge spillovers using patent data. DIW Berlin Discussion Paper No. 993 (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id= 1633875). Chum‚ H.‚ Faaij‚ A.‚ Moreira‚ J.‚ Berndes‚ G.‚ Dhamija‚ P.‚ Dong‚ H.‚ Gabrielle‚ B.‚ Goss Eng‚ A.‚ Lucht‚ W.‚ Mapako‚ M.‚ Masera
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Russian Default 1998 1 Intro Russian financial crisis – Ruble crisis – Russian flu -> 17th august 1998 Result => Devaluation of Ruble ‚ Default on Debt Causes => Declining productivity high fixed exchange rate chronic fiscal deficit Economic burden of Chechen war Asian financial crisis 1997 Commodity prices – oil & non-ferrous metals – impacted foreign exchange reserves Political crisis => Russian president Boris Yeltsin dismisses PM Viktor Chernomyrdin & his cabinet - 23 March 1998. Yeltsin ->
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change. The Price Elasticity of Supply measures the rate of response of quantity demand due to a price change. (2) a) Identify who gave us the concept of externalities and who formalized the concept. Henry Sidgwick expressed ideas about spillover costs and benefits‚ but Arthur Pigou gets credit for formulizing the concept of externalities. b) Explain thoroughly the concept of externalities. Basically it means that the costs or benefits of goods or services are paid by someone else
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References: Avi-Yonah‚ R. (2000). “Globalization‚ Tax competitions‚ and the fiscal crisis of the welfare state”. Harvard Law Review‚ 113: P1573-1643. Bergsman‚ J Chuang‚ Y and Lin‚ C (1999)‚ ‘Foreign direct investment‚ R&D and spillover efficiency: Evidence from Taiwan’s manufacturing firms’‚ Journal of development studies‚ 35 (4): 117-137 De Backer‚ K Easson‚ A. J. (2004). “Tax Incentives for foreign direct investment”. Kluwer Law International. FCAI‚ (2011)‚ ‘Monthly Production
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OVERVIEW OF INNOVATION SYSTEMS Fostering Long-term Economic Growth INTRODUCTION Innovation policy studies try to understand how important innovation is in our increasingly competitive world and markets. They question government intervention to find the most effective way of helping innovation thrust forward‚ not only through private investment and subsidizing but through helping and backing up industries and firms which look as future leads for long term economic growth. When talking about
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w w w e tr .X m eP UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Advanced Subsidiary Level and GCE Advanced Level e ap .c rs om MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2009 question paper for the guidance of teachers 9708 ECONOMICS 9708/22 Paper 22 (Data Response and Essay – Core)‚ maximum raw mark 40 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates‚ to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award
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HIGH OIL PRICES ON THE MALAYSIAN ECONOMY Posted by jamesesz on September 27‚ 2008 · 2 Comments [pic] I. Abstract The year 2008 has brought to Asia not only the Beijing Olympics games but also a hosts of economic calamities ranging from the spillover effects from the subprime crisis‚ the food crisis‚ and more importantly the unprecedented surge in international oil prices. History has shown us from the oil crisis in the 1970s that high oil prices severely affect economies in both the developed
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Chapter 3 1. What is the relationship among property right‚ corruption‚ and economic progress? How important are anticorruption efforts in the efforts to improve a country’s level of economic development? Corruption can reduce growth but also how it can increase growth‚ for example‚ by avoiding bureaucratic delays. The results of cross-country empirical literature on the effect of corruption on growth are mixed. Since corruption is an incendiary topic that elicits much anger‚ it is also important
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markets Market Failure • Externalities can cause market failure if the price mechanism does not take into account the full social costs and social benefits of production and consumption. • Externalities are referred to as third party or spillover effects arising from production or consumption of a good or service for which no appropriate compensation is paid (affecting persons not directly involved in the transactions). What are externalities? • generated and received outside the
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of FDI is subject to tax incentives as well as disincentives of various forms. Risk coverage provided to the domestic industries and subsidies granted to the local firms stand in the way of outward FDIs‚ which are also known as “direct investments abroad.” Different economic factors encourage inward FDIs. These include interest loans‚ tax breaks‚ grants‚ subsidies‚ and the removal of restrictions and limitations. Factors detrimental to the growth of FDIs include necessities of differential performance
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