Learning Theories Three Main Categories - Behaviorsit Theories - Cognitive Theories - Constructive Theories BEHAVIORIST THEORY Behaviorism was mostly developed by B.F Skinner For behavirosts‚ control of learning lies in the enviorment. Can you put behaviorism into simpler terms? Discussion Three basic assumptions ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ COGNITIVISM Robert Mills Gagne -The centerpiece of Gagne’s Contribution is the "Nine Events of Instruction" The Nine Events of Instruction
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Theories of cognitive development: Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was actually not a psychologist at first; he dedicated his time to mollusc research. In fact‚ by the time he was 21 he’d already published twenty scientific papers on them! He soon moved to Paris‚ and got a job interviewing mental patients. Before long‚ he was working for Alfred Binet‚ and refining Burt’s reasoning test. During his time working at Binet’s lab‚ he studied the way that children reasoned. After two years of working
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Reflection Paper 2 The theories of cognitive development are fascinating topics because of the intimate connection between the ideologies and one’s intellectual advancement into adulthood. Every individual has unique experiences relating to cognitive development due to real-life situations‚ who they interact with‚ and their type of childhood environment. I can vividly remember some of my childhood friends that I interacted with and how those experiences had an influence on my cognitive development. There
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1. Domains of learning Bloom’s taxonomy (cited in Petty 1998) provides the basis for classifying learning into domains and thus highlights learning outcomes should be hierarchical and concerned with different forms of learning. The cognitive domain is concerned with knowledge and knowing‚ the psychomotor domain is concerned with physical skills and the affective domain concerns itself with attention‚ awareness‚ moral‚ aesthetic and other attitudes opinions or values. Reece and Walker (2009)
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 I. Piaget’s Cognitive Development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 II. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 III. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 7 IV. Vygotsky’s Socio Cultural Theory of Development- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 V. Learners with Exceptionalities -
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THEORIES OF LEARNING The starting point for all language teaching should be an understanding of how people learn. The key to successful language learning and teaching is in understanding the structure and processes of the mind. 1. Behaviorism : learning as habit formation This simple but powerful theory said that learning is a mechanical process of habit formation and proceeds by means of the frequent reinforcement of a stimulus-response sequence. This method‚ based firstly on the behaviorist stimulus-response
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Definitions: Learning is a change in behavior as a result of experience or practice. It is a process of gaining knowledge‚ or skill in‚ something through study‚ teaching‚ instruction or experience. 2. “the relatively permanent change in a person’s knowledge or behavior due to experience” (Mayer‚ 1982‚ p. 1040). 3. “an enduring change in behavior‚ or in the capacity to behave in a given fashion‚ which results from practice or other forms of experience” (Shuell‚ 1986‚ p. 412). Learning theories are
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The cognitive dissonance theory states that if there is a discrepancy – an aversive emotional state – between our beliefs and behaviors‚ we are likely to experience inconsistency between these two cognitions. For instance‚ if you smoke‚ despite knowing that smoking is harmful‚ then this may result in cognitive dissonance. Furthermore‚ the college students who put themselves through hazing to join a fraternity could be another example. These students also most likely to experience cognitive dissonance
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Learning Theories There are many different types of learning theories that are used to help guide individuals through the teaching and or learning process. It has been developed that individuals develop through stages of learning until he or she can reason logically on their own. The two learning theories this paper will focus on is the conditions of learning theory originated by Robert Gagne and the model of discovery learning originated by Jerome Bruner. Gagne’s theory recognizes that there
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COGNITIVE MODELS (19.12.2012) 1. McLaughlin’s Attention – Processing Mode 2. Implicit and Explicit model 3. Long’s Interaction Hypothesis 1. McLaughlin’s Attention – Processing Mode Types of learning: a) Controlled processing -> typical of anyone learning a branch of new skill in which only a very few elements of the skill can be retained b) Automatic processes -> refer to processing in a more accomplished skill – our branch can manage hundreds and thousands of bits of information simultaneously
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